Validate go versions in Static Code Checks CI

[timvaillancourt]

Description

This PR validates that the go versions in the project are compatible as discussed in #15494

Real CI result for d412182:

Related Issue(s)

Resolves #15494

Checklist

• "Backport to:" labels have been added if this change should be back-ported to release branches
• If this change is to be back-ported to previous releases, a justification is included in the PR description
• Tests were added or are not required
• Did the new or modified tests pass consistently locally and on CI?
• Documentation was added or is not required

Deployment Notes

[vitess-bot]

Review Checklist

Hello reviewers! 👋 Please follow this checklist when reviewing this Pull Request.

General

• Ensure that the Pull Request has a descriptive title.
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Tests

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• vtctl command output order should be stable and awk-able.