feat: remove moduleResolver API

[bradzacher]

BREAKING CHANGE:
Removes parserOptions.moduleResolver.

PR Checklist

• Addresses an existing open issue: fixes Running with custom module resolver is 3x slower, as resolution is invalidated by TS compiler every time #3798
• That issue was marked as accepting prs
• Steps in Contributing were taken

Overview

As we discussed in the thread - we're removing this API.
We don't have any evidence that it's widely used and there is a pretty significant maintenance burden to keep it.

[typescript-eslint]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #6609 (1869990) into v6 (e8cdd5c) will decrease coverage by 0.07%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##               v6    #6609      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   87.47%   87.40%   -0.07%     
==========================================
  Files         365      365              
  Lines       12519    12508      -11     
  Branches     3697     3694       -3     
==========================================
- Hits        10951    10933      -18     
- Misses       1205     1213       +8     
+ Partials      363      362       -1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittest	87.40% <100.00%> (-0.07%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
.../src/create-program/getWatchProgramsForProjects.ts	84.83% <ø> (-0.17%)	⬇️
...ges/typescript-estree/src/create-program/shared.ts	77.50% <ø> (-2.94%)	⬇️
...pt-estree/src/parseSettings/createParseSettings.ts	87.50% <ø> (-2.30%)	⬇️
...-estree/src/create-program/createDefaultProgram.ts	76.19% <100.00%> (-2.08%)	⬇️

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

[JoshuaKGoldberg]

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