url: implement parse method for safer URL parsing

Implement the static parse method as per the WHATWG URL specification.
Unlike the URL constructor, URL.parse does not throw on invalid input,
instead returning null. This behavior allows safer parsing of URLs
without the need for try-catch blocks around constructor calls. The
implementation follows the steps outlined in the WHATWG URL standard,
ensuring compatibility and consistency with web platform URL parsing
APIs.

Fixes: nodejs#52208
Refs: whatwg/url#825

lib/internal/url.js

@@ -804,6 +804,16 @@ class URL {
     this.#updateContext(bindingUrl.parse(input, base));
   }
 
+  static parse(input, base = undefined) {
+    try {
+      const url = new URL(input, base);
+      return url;
+      /* eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars */
+    } catch (_) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
   [inspect.custom](depth, opts) {
     if (typeof depth === 'number' && depth < 0)
       return this;

test/fixtures/wpt/interfaces/url.idl

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 interface URL {
   constructor(USVString url, optional USVString base);
 
+  static URL? parse(USVString url, optional USVString base);
   static boolean canParse(USVString url, optional USVString base);
 
   stringifier attribute USVString href;