upgrade Prometheus version to latest main

[yeya24]

Upgrade Prometheus version to latest main to unblock upgrading prometheus version in Thanos main repo.

[fpetkovski]

Looks like we might need to bump the go version.

[yeya24]

Something seems wrong for this version upgrade. I don't think it is an issue on us. Maybe upstream changed something?

--- FAIL: FuzzEnginePromQLSmithInstantQuery (0.88s)
    --- FAIL: FuzzEnginePromQLSmithInstantQuery (0.23s)
        enginefuzz_test.go:449: load 30s
            			http_requests_total{pod="nginx-1", route="/"} 600.00+10.00x40
            			http_requests_total{pod="nginx-2", route="/"}  8+28.00x40
        enginefuzz_test.go:451: increase({__name__="http_requests_total",route="/"} offset 1m7s[1h:1m] offset -3m33s)
        enginefuzz_test.go:453: case 71 error mismatch.
            new result: {pod="nginx-1", route="/"} => 55.666666666666664 @[44000]
            {pod="nginx-2", route="/"} => 163.86666666666667 @[44000]
            old result: {pod="nginx-1", route="/"} => 55.666666666666664 @[44000]
            {pod="nginx-2", route="/"} => 155.86666666666667 @[44000]
        enginefuzz_test.go:458: failed 1 test cases

[MichaHoffmann]

Probably something around rate and increase changed in upstream?

[GiedriusS]

prometheus/prometheus#13725 maybe this one?

[MichaHoffmann]

lgtm