Gracefully handle parse failure with locking

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 **Fixed**
 
- - Nothing yet!
+ - Ensure that exceptions thrown from failure to parse method annotations can be observed by multiple threads/callers. Previously only the first caller would see the actual parsing exception and other callers would get a cryptic `ClassCastException`.
 
 
 ## [2.10.0] - 2024-03-18

retrofit/java-test/src/test/java/retrofit2/RetrofitTest.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static retrofit2.AnnotationArraySubject.assertThat;
@@ -1716,4 +1717,89 @@ public void argumentCapture() throws Exception {
 
     assertEquals("/?i=201", server.takeRequest().getPath());
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void annotationParsingFailureObservedByWaitingThreads() throws InterruptedException {
+    AtomicInteger fails = new AtomicInteger();
+    CountDownLatch startedParsing = new CountDownLatch(1);
+    CountDownLatch failParsing = new CountDownLatch(1);
+    RuntimeException failure = new RuntimeException("boom!");
+    Retrofit retrofit =
+        new Retrofit.Builder()
+            .baseUrl(server.url("/"))
+            .addConverterFactory(
+                new Converter.Factory() {
+                  @Nullable
+                  @Override
+                  public Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(
+                      Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
+                    startedParsing.countDown();
+                    try {
+                      failParsing.await();
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                      throw new AssertionError(e);
+                    }
+                    fails.incrementAndGet();
+                    throw failure;
+                  }
+                })
+            .build();
+    Annotated service = retrofit.create(Annotated.class);
+
+    AtomicReference<RuntimeException> result1 = new AtomicReference<>();
+    Thread thread1 =
+        new Thread(
+            () -> {
+              try {
+                service.method();
+              } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                result1.set(e);
+              }
+            });
+    thread1.start();
+
+    // Wait for thread1 to enter the converter. This means it has inserted and taken a lock on
+    // parsing for the method.
+    startedParsing.await();
+
+    CountDownLatch thread2Locked = new CountDownLatch(1);
+    AtomicReference<RuntimeException> result2 = new AtomicReference<>();
+    Thread thread2 =
+        new Thread(
+            () -> {
+              try {
+                thread2Locked.countDown();
+                service.method();
+              } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                result2.set(e);
+              }
+            });
+    thread2.start();
+    thread2Locked.await();
+
+    // Wait for thread2 to lock on the shared object. This should be pretty fast after the last
+    // signal, but we have no way of knowing for sure it happened.
+    Thread.sleep(1_000);
+
+    failParsing.countDown();
+    thread1.join();
+    thread2.join();
+
+    RuntimeException failure1 = result1.get();
+    assertThat(failure1).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+    assertThat(failure1).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(failure);
+
+    RuntimeException failure2 = result2.get();
+    assertThat(failure2).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+    assertThat(failure2).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(failure);
+
+    // Importantly, even though the second thread was locked waiting on the first, failure of the
+    // first thread caused the second thread to retry parsing.
+    assertThat(fails.get()).isEqualTo(2);
+
+    // Make sure now that both threads have released the lock, new callers also retry.
+    RuntimeException failure3 = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, service::method);
+    assertThat(failure3).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(failure);
+    assertThat(fails.get()).isEqualTo(3);
+  }
 }

retrofit/src/main/java/retrofit2/Retrofit.java

@@ -212,38 +212,53 @@ private void validateServiceInterface(Class<?> service) {
   }
 
   ServiceMethod<?> loadServiceMethod(Class<?> service, Method method) {
-    // Note: Once we are minSdk 24 this whole method can be replaced by computeIfAbsent.
-    Object lookup = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
+    while (true) {
+      // Note: Once we are minSdk 24 this whole method can be replaced by computeIfAbsent.
+      Object lookup = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
 
-    if (lookup instanceof ServiceMethod<?>) {
-      // Happy path: method is already parsed into the model.
-      return (ServiceMethod<?>) lookup;
-    }
+      if (lookup instanceof ServiceMethod<?>) {
+        // Happy path: method is already parsed into the model.
+        return (ServiceMethod<?>) lookup;
+      }
 
-    if (lookup == null) {
-      // Map does not contain any value. Try to put in a lock for this method. We MUST synchronize
-      // on the lock before it is visible to others via the map to signal we are doing the work.
-      Object lock = new Object();
-      synchronized (lock) {
-        lookup = serviceMethodCache.putIfAbsent(method, lock);
-        if (lookup == null) {
-          // On successful lock insertion, perform the work and update the map before releasing.
-          // Other threads may be waiting on lock now and will expect the parsed model.
-          ServiceMethod<Object> result = ServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(this, service, method);
-          serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
-          return result;
+      if (lookup == null) {
+        // Map does not contain any value. Try to put in a lock for this method. We MUST synchronize
+        // on the lock before it is visible to others via the map to signal we are doing the work.
+        Object lock = new Object();
+        synchronized (lock) {
+          lookup = serviceMethodCache.putIfAbsent(method, lock);
+          if (lookup == null) {
+            // On successful lock insertion, perform the work and update the map before releasing.
+            // Other threads may be waiting on lock now and will expect the parsed model.
+            ServiceMethod<Object> result;
+            try {
+              result = ServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(this, service, method);
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+              // Remove the lock on failure. Any other locked threads will retry as a result.
+              serviceMethodCache.remove(method);
+              throw e;
+            }
+            serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
+            return result;
+          }
         }
       }
-    }
 
-    // Either the initial lookup or the attempt to put our lock in the map has returned someone
-    // else's lock. This means they are doing the parsing, and will update the map before releasing
-    // the lock. Once we can take the lock, the map is guaranteed to contain the model.
-    // Note: There's a chance that our effort to put a lock into the map has actually returned a
-    // finished model instead of a lock. In that case this code will perform a pointless lock and
-    // redundant lookup in the map of the same instance. This is rare, and ultimately harmless.
-    synchronized (lookup) {
-      return (ServiceMethod<?>) serviceMethodCache.get(method);
+      // Either the initial lookup or the attempt to put our lock in the map has returned someone
+      // else's lock. This means they are doing the parsing, and will update the map before
+      // releasing
+      // the lock. Once we can take the lock, the map is guaranteed to contain the model or null.
+      // Note: There's a chance that our effort to put a lock into the map has actually returned a
+      // finished model instead of a lock. In that case this code will perform a pointless lock and
+      // redundant lookup in the map of the same instance. This is rare, and ultimately harmless.
+      synchronized (lookup) {
+        Object result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
+        if (result == null) {
+          // The other thread failed its parsing. We will retry (and probably also fail).
+          continue;
+        }
+        return (ServiceMethod<?>) result;
+      }
     }
   }