Add additional tests for data provider values

[jnoordsij]

Follow-up to #5225.

This MR adds tests that assert the following behavior:

• When a test receives input from both a data provider method and from one or more tests it depends on, the arguments from the data provider will come before the ones from depended-upon tests. This is taken from the doc description.
• Combining named arguments (as introduced in Allow providing named arguments from a data provider #5225) with input from a dependency is not supported.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (62b8acc) 89.43% compared to head (0e37d54) 89.43%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##               main    #5667   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     89.43%   89.43%           
  Complexity     6431     6431           
=========================================
  Files           683      683           
  Lines         20429    20429           
=========================================
  Hits          18271    18271           
  Misses         2158     2158           

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[sebastianbergmann]

I cherry-picked 4e913e3 into 10.5 and merged it to main from there. Then I cherry-picked 0e37d54 into main.