FIX Raise an error when min_samples_split=1 in trees

doc/whats_new/v1.2.rst

@@ -79,6 +79,15 @@ Changelog
   `encoded_missing_value` or `unknown_value` set to a categories' cardinality
   when there is missing values in the training data. :pr:`25704` by `Thomas Fan`_.
 
+:mod:`sklearn.tree`
+...................
+
+- |Fix| Fixed a regression in :class:`tree.DecisionTreeClassifier`,
+  :class:`tree.DecisionTreeRegressor`, :class:`tree.ExtraTreeClassifier` and
+  :class:`tree.ExtraTreeRegressor` where an error was no longer raised in version
+  1.2 when `min_sample_split=1`.
+  :pr:`25744` by :user:`Jérémie du Boisberranger <jeremiedbb>`.
+
 :mod:`sklearn.utils`
 ....................
 

sklearn/tree/_classes.py

@@ -99,16 +99,16 @@ class BaseDecisionTree(MultiOutputMixin, BaseEstimator, metaclass=ABCMeta):
         "max_depth": [Interval(Integral, 1, None, closed="left"), None],
         "min_samples_split": [
             Interval(Integral, 2, None, closed="left"),
-            Interval(Real, 0.0, 1.0, closed="right"),
+            Interval("real_not_int", 0.0, 1.0, closed="right"),
         ],
         "min_samples_leaf": [
             Interval(Integral, 1, None, closed="left"),
-            Interval(Real, 0.0, 1.0, closed="neither"),
+            Interval("real_not_int", 0.0, 1.0, closed="neither"),
         ],
         "min_weight_fraction_leaf": [Interval(Real, 0.0, 0.5, closed="both")],
         "max_features": [
             Interval(Integral, 1, None, closed="left"),
-            Interval(Real, 0.0, 1.0, closed="right"),
+            Interval("real_not_int", 0.0, 1.0, closed="right"),
             StrOptions({"auto", "sqrt", "log2"}, deprecated={"auto"}),
             None,
         ],

sklearn/tree/tests/test_tree.py

@@ -2425,3 +2425,25 @@ def test_tree_deserialization_from_read_only_buffer(tmpdir):
         clf.tree_,
         "The trees of the original and loaded classifiers are not equal.",
     )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("Tree", ALL_TREES.values())
+def test_min_sample_split_1_error(Tree):
+    """Check that an error is raised when min_sample_split=1.
+
+    non-regression test for issue gh-25481.
+    """
+    X = np.array([[0, 0], [1, 1]])
+    y = np.array([0, 1])
+
+    # min_samples_split=1.0 is valid
+    Tree(min_samples_split=1.0).fit(X, y)
+
+    # min_samples_split=1 is invalid
+    tree = Tree(min_samples_split=1)
+    msg = (
+        r"'min_samples_split' .* must be an int in the range \[2, inf\) "
+        r"or a float in the range \(0.0, 1.0\]"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        tree.fit(X, y)

sklearn/utils/_param_validation.py

@@ -364,9 +364,12 @@ class Interval(_Constraint):
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    type : {numbers.Integral, numbers.Real}
+    type : {numbers.Integral, numbers.Real, "real_not_int"}
         The set of numbers in which to set the interval.
 
+        If "real_not_int", only reals that don't have the integer type
+        are allowed. For example 1.0 is allowed but 1 is not.
+
     left : float or int or None
         The left bound of the interval. None means left bound is -∞.
 
@@ -392,14 +395,6 @@ class Interval(_Constraint):
     `[0, +∞) U {+∞}`.
     """
 
-    @validate_params(
-        {
-            "type": [type],
-            "left": [Integral, Real, None],
-            "right": [Integral, Real, None],
-            "closed": [StrOptions({"left", "right", "both", "neither"})],
-        }
-    )
     def __init__(self, type, left, right, *, closed):
         super().__init__()
         self.type = type
@@ -410,6 +405,18 @@ def __init__(self, type, left, right, *, closed):
         self._check_params()
 
     def _check_params(self):
+        if self.type not in (Integral, Real, "real_not_int"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "type must be either numbers.Integral, numbers.Real or 'real_not_int'."
+                f" Got {self.type} instead."
+            )
+
+        if self.closed not in ("left", "right", "both", "neither"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "closed must be either 'left', 'right', 'both' or 'neither'. "
+                f"Got {self.closed} instead."
+            )
+
         if self.type is Integral:
             suffix = "for an interval over the integers."
             if self.left is not None and not isinstance(self.left, Integral):
@@ -447,8 +454,13 @@ def __contains__(self, val):
             return False
         return True
 
+    def _has_valid_type(self, val):
+        if self.type == "real_not_int":
+            return isinstance(val, Real) and not isinstance(val, Integral)
+        return isinstance(val, self.type)
+
     def is_satisfied_by(self, val):
-        if not isinstance(val, self.type):
+        if not self._has_valid_type(val):
             return False
 
         return val in self

sklearn/utils/tests/test_param_validation.py

@@ -662,3 +662,10 @@ def fit(self, X=None, y=None):
     # does not raise, even though "b" is not in the constraints dict and "a" is not
     # a parameter of the estimator.
     ThirdPartyEstimator(b=0).fit()
+
+
+def test_interval_real_not_int():
+    """Check for the type "real_not_int" in the Interval constraint."""
+    constraint = Interval("real_not_int", 0, 1, closed="both")
+    assert constraint.is_satisfied_by(1.0)
+    assert not constraint.is_satisfied_by(1)