apacheGH-33621: [Documentation][Developer Tools] Add CODEOWNERS file (a…

…pache#33622)

# Rationale for this change
CODEOWNERS will lift the burden of finding an initial reviewer for a PR from the contributor and enable committers to basically "subscribe" to a selection of PRs based on their interests/competence within the monorepo without having to watch _all_ notifications for the repo.

# What changes are included in this PR?

I have added a rough structure for the file and added myself to a selection of the patterns. Any committer please feel free to add yourself via suggestion or direct push to this branch.

* Closes: apache#33621

Lead-authored-by: Jacob Wujciak-Jens <jacob@wujciak.de>
Co-authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Co-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Will Jones <willjones127@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Dewey Dunnington <dewey@dunnington.ca>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+#
+# Any committer can add themselves to any  of the path patterns
+# and will subsequently get requested as a reviewer for any PRs 
+# that change matching files.
+#
+# This file uses .gitignore syntax with a few exceptions see the
+# documentation about the syntax: https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-code-owners
+
+# Arrow Format
+# /format/
+
+## Components
+/c_glib/ @kou
+# /cpp/
+/cpp/src/arrow/compute @westonpace
+/cpp/src/arrow/dataset @westonpace
+/cpp/src/arrow/engine @westonpace
+/cpp/src/arrow/flight/ @lidavidm
+/cpp/src/arrow/util/async* @westonpace
+/cpp/src/arrow/util/future* @westonpace
+/cpp/src/arrow/util/thread* @westonpace
+/cpp/src/parquet @wjones127
+/cpp/src/skyhook @westonpace 
+/csharp/ @westonpace 
+/go/ @zeroshade
+/java/ @lidavidm 
+/js/ @domoritz @trxcllnt 
+/matlab/ @assignUser 
+/python/ @AlenkaF  
+/python/pyarrow/_flight.pyx @lidavidm
+/python/pyarrow/**/*gandiva* @wjones127 
+/r/ @paleolimbot @thisisnic 
+/ruby/ @kou
+
+# Docs
+# /docs/
+# .readthedocs.yml
+# *.md
+# *.rmd
+# *.rst
+# *.txt
+
+# PR CI and repository files
+/.github/ @assignUser @kou @raulcd
+.asf.yaml @assignUser @kou @raulcd
+.pre-commit-config.yaml @raulcd 
+.travis.yml @assignUser @kou @raulcd
+appveyor.yml @assignUser @kou @raulcd
+# .git*
+
+# release scripts, archery etc.
+/ci/ @assignUser @kou @raulcd
+/dev/ @assignUser @kou @raulcd
+.dockerignore @raulcd 
+.env @assignUser @kou @raulcd
+docker-compose.yml @assignUser @kou @raulcd
+
+# R specific packaging tooling
+/r/configure* @assignUser
+/r/Makefile @assignUser
+/r/PACKAGING.md @assignUser
+/r/tools/ @assignUser
+.Rbuildignore @assignUser