Respect py-version for inconsistent-quotes inside f-strings (#9152)

* [inconsistent-quotes] Emit for f-strings for 3.12 only

* Add docs for inconsistent-quotes with f-strings

Despite ``sys.version`` check, pylint raises the warning
with Python 3.11

(cherry picked from commit 1c0bc70)

doc/whatsnew/fragments/9113.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Emit ``inconsistent-quotes`` for f-strings with 3.12 interpreter only if targeting pre-3.12 versions.
+
+Closes #9113

pylint/checkers/strings.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 import collections
 import re
+import sys
 import tokenize
 from collections import Counter
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
@@ -834,8 +835,22 @@ def check_for_consistent_string_delimiters(
         """
         string_delimiters: Counter[str] = collections.Counter()
 
+        inside_fstring = False  # whether token is inside f-string (since 3.12)
+        target_py312 = self.linter.config.py_version >= (3, 12)
+
         # First, figure out which quote character predominates in the module
         for tok_type, token, _, _, _ in tokens:
+            if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 12):
+                # pylint: disable=no-member,useless-suppression
+                if tok_type == tokenize.FSTRING_START:
+                    inside_fstring = True
+                elif tok_type == tokenize.FSTRING_END:
+                    inside_fstring = False
+
+                if inside_fstring and not target_py312:
+                    # skip analysis of f-string contents
+                    continue
+
             if tok_type == tokenize.STRING and _is_quote_delimiter_chosen_freely(token):
                 string_delimiters[_get_quote_delimiter(token)] += 1
 

tests/functional/i/inconsistent/inconsistent_quotes_fstring.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-module-docstring
+
+dictionary = {'0': 0}
+f_string = f'{dictionary["0"]}'

tests/functional/i/inconsistent/inconsistent_quotes_fstring.rc

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[STRING]
+check-quote-consistency=yes
+
+[testoptions]
+max_pyver=3.12

tests/functional/i/inconsistent/inconsistent_quotes_fstring_py312.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-module-docstring
+
+dictionary = {'0': 0}
+# quotes are inconsistent when targetting Python 3.12 (use single quotes)
+f_string = f'{dictionary["0"]}'  # [inconsistent-quotes]

tests/functional/i/inconsistent/inconsistent_quotes_fstring_py312.rc

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[STRING]
+check-quote-consistency=yes
+
+[main]
+py-version=3.12
+
+[testoptions]
+min_pyver=3.12

tests/functional/i/inconsistent/inconsistent_quotes_fstring_py312.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+inconsistent-quotes:5:0:None:None::"Quote delimiter "" is inconsistent with the rest of the file":UNDEFINED

tests/functional/i/inconsistent/inconsistent_quotes_fstring_py312_311.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-module-docstring
+
+dictionary = {'0': 0}
+# quotes are consistent when targetting 3.11 and earlier (cannot use single quotes here)
+f_string = f'{dictionary["0"]}'

tests/functional/i/inconsistent/inconsistent_quotes_fstring_py312_311.rc

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[STRING]
+check-quote-consistency=yes
+
+[main]
+py-version=3.11
+
+[testoptions]
+min_pyver=3.12