CI: remove obsolete jobs, and move macOS and conda Azure jobs to Meson and GHA #25107
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Partial backport of #24520.
See commit messages of individual commits for more context. Should be straightforward (assuming CI passes). Some of the code coverage measurements is an easy delete, because that's a ton of boilerplate that does pretty much nothing. We should have code coverage in one job only, and keep all other jobs readable.
Addresses a few tasks from gh-24410.
NOTE: I've kept travis for now, will remove it after backporting the qemu testing.