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Prometheus Client Library for Modern C++

Bazel CI CMake CI Coverage Status

This library aims to enable Metrics-Driven Development for C++ services. It implements the Prometheus Data Model, a powerful abstraction on which to collect and expose metrics. We offer the possibility for metrics to be collected by Prometheus, but other push/pull collections can be added as plugins.

Usage

See https://jupp0r.github.io/prometheus-cpp for more detailed interface documentation.

#include <prometheus/counter.h>
#include <prometheus/exposer.h>
#include <prometheus/registry.h>

#include <array>
#include <chrono>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <thread>

int main() {
  using namespace prometheus;

  // create an http server running on port 8080
  Exposer exposer{"127.0.0.1:8080"};

  // create a metrics registry
  // @note it's the users responsibility to keep the object alive
  auto registry = std::make_shared<Registry>();

  // add a new counter family to the registry (families combine values with the
  // same name, but distinct label dimensions)
  //
  // @note please follow the metric-naming best-practices:
  // https://prometheus.io/docs/practices/naming/
  auto& packet_counter = BuildCounter()
                             .Name("observed_packets_total")
                             .Help("Number of observed packets")
                             .Register(*registry);

  // add and remember dimensional data, incrementing those is very cheap
  auto& tcp_rx_counter =
      packet_counter.Add({{"protocol", "tcp"}, {"direction", "rx"}});
  auto& tcp_tx_counter =
      packet_counter.Add({{"protocol", "tcp"}, {"direction", "tx"}});
  auto& udp_rx_counter =
      packet_counter.Add({{"protocol", "udp"}, {"direction", "rx"}});
  auto& udp_tx_counter =
      packet_counter.Add({{"protocol", "udp"}, {"direction", "tx"}});

  // add a counter whose dimensional data is not known at compile time
  // nevertheless dimensional values should only occur in low cardinality:
  // https://prometheus.io/docs/practices/naming/#labels
  auto& http_requests_counter = BuildCounter()
                                    .Name("http_requests_total")
                                    .Help("Number of HTTP requests")
                                    .Register(*registry);

  // ask the exposer to scrape the registry on incoming HTTP requests
  exposer.RegisterCollectable(registry);

  for (;;) {
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
    const auto random_value = std::rand();

    if (random_value & 1) tcp_rx_counter.Increment();
    if (random_value & 2) tcp_tx_counter.Increment();
    if (random_value & 4) udp_rx_counter.Increment();
    if (random_value & 8) udp_tx_counter.Increment();

    const std::array<std::string, 4> methods = {"GET", "PUT", "POST", "HEAD"};
    auto method = methods.at(random_value % methods.size());
    // dynamically calling Family<T>.Add() works but is slow and should be
    // avoided
    http_requests_counter.Add({{"method", method}}).Increment();
  }
  return 0;
}

Requirements

Using prometheus-cpp requires a C++11 compliant compiler. It has been successfully tested with GNU GCC 7.4 on Ubuntu Bionic (18.04) and Visual Studio 2017.

Building

There are two supported ways to build prometheus-cpp - CMake and bazel. Both are tested in CI and should work on master and for all releases.

In case these instructions don't work for you, looking at the GitHub Workflows might help.

With CMake

For CMake builds don't forget to fetch the submodules first. Please note that zlib and libcurl are not provided by the included submodules. In the example below their usage is disabled.

Then build as usual.

# fetch third-party dependencies
git submodule init
git submodule update

mkdir _build
cd _build

# run cmake
cmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DENABLE_PUSH=OFF -DENABLE_COMPRESSION=OFF

# build
cmake --build . --parallel 4

# run tests
ctest -V

# install the libraries and headers
cmake --install .

With Bazel

Install a recent bazel version with Modules support. To build and test prometheus-cpp run:

bazel test //...

Packaging

By configuring CPack you can generate an installer like a Debian package (.deb) or RPM (.rpm) for the static or dynamic libraries so they can be easily installed on other systems.

Please refer to the CPack documentation for all available generators and their configuration options.

To generate a Debian package you could follow these steps:

# fetch third-party dependencies
git submodule update --init

# run cmake
cmake -B_build -DCPACK_GENERATOR=DEB -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON # or OFF for static libraries

# build and package
cmake --build _build --target package --parallel $(nproc)

This will place an appropriately named .deb in the _build folder. To build a RPM package set the CPACK_GENERATOR variable to RPM.

Consuming the installed project

CMake

Consuming prometheus-cpp via CMake is the preferred way because all the dependencies between the three prometheus-cpp libraries are handled correctly.

The cmake/project-import directory contains an example project and minimal CMakeLists.txt.

Ubuntu PPA

The Launchpad prometheus-cpp team provides a PPA for stable versions. Please follow the "Adding this PPA to your system" steps to use it.

vcpkg

The vcpkg package manager contains a prometheus-cpp port which has been tested on Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Conan

Conan package manager contains prometheus-cpp package as well in ConanCenter repository

Bazel

The Bazel Central Registry (BCR provides the prometheus-cpp package. Add the following to your MODULE.bazel file:

bazel_dep(name = "prometheus-cpp", version = "1.2.4")

Plain Makefiles

When manually linking prometheus-cpp the library order matters. The needed libraries depend on the individual use case but the following should work for the pull metrics approach:

-lprometheus-cpp-pull -lprometheus-cpp-core -lz

For the push-workflow please try:

-lprometheus-cpp-push -lprometheus-cpp-core -lcurl -lz

Contributing

Please adhere to the Google C++ Style Guide. Make sure to clang-format your patches before opening a PR. Also make sure to adhere to these commit message guidelines.

You can check out this repo and build the library using

bazel build //...

Run the unit tests using

bazel test //...

There is also an integration test that uses telegraf to scrape a sample server. With telegraf installed, it can be run using

bazel test //pull/tests/integration:scrape-test

Benchmarks

There's a benchmark suite you can run:

bazel run -c opt //core/benchmarks

INFO: Analysed target //core/benchmarks:benchmarks (0 packages loaded, 0 targets configured).
INFO: Found 1 target...
Target //core/benchmarks:benchmarks up-to-date:
  bazel-bin/core/benchmarks/benchmarks
INFO: Elapsed time: 0.356s, Critical Path: 0.01s, Remote (0.00% of the time): [queue: 0.00%, setup: 0.00%, process: 0.00%]
INFO: 0 processes.
INFO: Build completed successfully, 1 total action
INFO: Build completed successfully, 1 total action
2018-11-30 15:13:14
Run on (4 X 2200 MHz CPU s)
CPU Caches:
  L1 Data 32K (x2)
  L1 Instruction 32K (x2)
  L2 Unified 262K (x2)
  L3 Unified 4194K (x1)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark                                            Time           CPU Iterations
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BM_Counter_Increment                                13 ns         12 ns   55616469
BM_Counter_Collect                                   7 ns          7 ns   99823170
BM_Gauge_Increment                                  12 ns         12 ns   51511873
BM_Gauge_Decrement                                  12 ns         12 ns   56831098
BM_Gauge_SetToCurrentTime                          184 ns        183 ns    3928964
BM_Gauge_Collect                                     6 ns          6 ns  117223478
BM_Histogram_Observe/0                             134 ns        124 ns    5665310
BM_Histogram_Observe/1                             122 ns        120 ns    5937185
BM_Histogram_Observe/8                             137 ns        135 ns    4652863
BM_Histogram_Observe/64                            143 ns        143 ns    4835957
BM_Histogram_Observe/512                           259 ns        257 ns    2334750
BM_Histogram_Observe/4096                         1545 ns       1393 ns     620754
BM_Histogram_Collect/0                             103 ns        102 ns    5654829
BM_Histogram_Collect/1                             100 ns        100 ns    7015153
BM_Histogram_Collect/8                             608 ns        601 ns    1149652
BM_Histogram_Collect/64                           1438 ns       1427 ns     515236
BM_Histogram_Collect/512                          5178 ns       5159 ns     114619
BM_Histogram_Collect/4096                        33527 ns      33280 ns      20785
BM_Registry_CreateFamily                           320 ns        316 ns    2021567
BM_Registry_CreateCounter/0                        128 ns        128 ns    5487140
BM_Registry_CreateCounter/1                       2066 ns       2058 ns     386002
BM_Registry_CreateCounter/8                       7672 ns       7634 ns      91328
BM_Registry_CreateCounter/64                     63270 ns      62761 ns      10780
BM_Registry_CreateCounter/512                   560714 ns     558328 ns       1176
BM_Registry_CreateCounter/4096                18672798 ns   18383000 ns         35
BM_Summary_Observe/0/iterations:262144            9351 ns       9305 ns     262144
BM_Summary_Observe/1/iterations:262144            9242 ns       9169 ns     262144
BM_Summary_Observe/8/iterations:262144           14344 ns      14195 ns     262144
BM_Summary_Observe/64/iterations:262144          19176 ns      18950 ns     262144
BM_Summary_Collect/0/0                              31 ns         30 ns   24873766
BM_Summary_Collect/1/0                             166 ns        166 ns    4266706
BM_Summary_Collect/8/0                            1040 ns       1036 ns     660527
BM_Summary_Collect/64/0                           4529 ns       4489 ns     155600
BM_Summary_Collect/0/1                              28 ns         28 ns   24866697
BM_Summary_Collect/1/1                             190 ns        188 ns    3930354
BM_Summary_Collect/8/1                            1372 ns       1355 ns     535779
BM_Summary_Collect/64/1                           9901 ns       9822 ns      64632
BM_Summary_Collect/0/8                              29 ns         29 ns   24922651
BM_Summary_Collect/1/8                             217 ns        215 ns    3278381
BM_Summary_Collect/8/8                            2275 ns       2256 ns     282503
BM_Summary_Collect/64/8                          56790 ns      55804 ns      13878
BM_Summary_Collect/0/64                             32 ns         31 ns   22548350
BM_Summary_Collect/1/64                            395 ns        389 ns    1817073
BM_Summary_Collect/8/64                          10187 ns      10064 ns      71928
BM_Summary_Collect/64/64                        374835 ns     373560 ns       1812
BM_Summary_Collect/0/512                            28 ns         28 ns   25234228
BM_Summary_Collect/1/512                          1710 ns       1639 ns     802285
BM_Summary_Collect/8/512                         50355 ns      49335 ns      15975
BM_Summary_Collect/64/512                      2520972 ns    2493417 ns        295
BM_Summary_Collect/0/4096                           31 ns         31 ns   24059034
BM_Summary_Collect/1/4096                         2719 ns       2698 ns     286186
BM_Summary_Collect/8/4096                       121689 ns     119995 ns       5647
BM_Summary_Collect/64/4096                     5660131 ns    5587634 ns        134
BM_Summary_Collect/0/32768                          29 ns         29 ns   22217567
BM_Summary_Collect/1/32768                        4344 ns       4294 ns     138135
BM_Summary_Collect/8/32768                      331563 ns     326403 ns       2017
BM_Summary_Collect/64/32768                   16363553 ns   16038182 ns         44
BM_Summary_Collect/0/262144                         27 ns         27 ns   23923036
BM_Summary_Collect/1/262144                      10457 ns      10332 ns      67690
BM_Summary_Collect/8/262144                     930434 ns     869234 ns        792
BM_Summary_Collect/64/262144                  39217069 ns   39054846 ns         13
BM_Summary_Observe_Common/iterations:262144       5587 ns       5557 ns     262144
BM_Summary_Collect_Common/0                        676 ns        673 ns    1054630
BM_Summary_Collect_Common/1                        709 ns        705 ns     990659
BM_Summary_Collect_Common/8                       1030 ns       1025 ns     685649
BM_Summary_Collect_Common/64                      2066 ns       2055 ns     339969
BM_Summary_Collect_Common/512                     5754 ns       5248 ns     156895
BM_Summary_Collect_Common/4096                   23894 ns      23292 ns      31096
BM_Summary_Collect_Common/32768                  49831 ns      49292 ns      13492
BM_Summary_Collect_Common/262144                128723 ns     126987 ns       5579

Project Status

Stable and used in production.

Parts of the library are instrumented by itself (bytes scraped, number of scrapes, scrape request latencies). There is a working example that's scraped by telegraf as part of integration tests.

FAQ

What scrape formats do you support

Only the Prometheus Text Exposition Format. Support for the protobuf format was removed because it's been removed from Prometheus 2.0.

License

MIT