fix(api): Fix Celery TypeError with no-argument apply_async (#2575)

* Fix Celery `TypeError` with no-argument `apply_async`

* Verify the task actually executed

sentry_sdk/integrations/celery.py

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def apply_async(*args, **kwargs):
 
         try:
             task_started_from_beat = args[1][0] == "BEAT"
-        except IndexError:
+        except (IndexError, TypeError):
             task_started_from_beat = False
 
         task = args[0]

tests/integrations/celery/test_celery.py

@@ -593,3 +593,18 @@ def dummy_function(*args, **kwargs):
         ],
         headers={},
     )
+
+
+def test_apply_async_no_args(init_celery):
+    celery = init_celery()
+
+    @celery.task
+    def example_task():
+        return "success"
+
+    try:
+        result = example_task.apply_async(None, {})
+    except TypeError:
+        pytest.fail("Calling `apply_async` without arguments raised a TypeError")
+
+    assert result.get() == "success"