ref(node): Cache undici trace propagation decisions

[AbhiPrasad]

Similar to how the http integration works for Node, add a LRUMap that caches span creation/trace propagation decisions so we don't have to recompute expensive regex.

See: #8130 for some more context.

This was done as a quick win for an ask on slack: https://sentry.slack.com/archives/C28MX5WAJ/p1684250464132119?thread_ts=1684166405.392469&cid=C28MX5WAJ

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser - ES5 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	21.03 KB (+0.04% 🔺)
@sentry/browser - ES5 CDN Bundle (minified)	65.63 KB (+0.02% 🔺)
@sentry/browser - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	19.57 KB (+0.04% 🔺)
@sentry/browser - ES6 CDN Bundle (minified)	58.09 KB (+0.02% 🔺)
@sentry/browser - Webpack (gzipped + minified)	21.17 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - Webpack (minified)	69.04 KB (0%)
@sentry/react - Webpack (gzipped + minified)	21.19 KB (0%)
@sentry/nextjs Client - Webpack (gzipped + minified)	49.12 KB (+0.01% 🔺)
@sentry/browser + @sentry/tracing - ES5 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	28.65 KB (+0.04% 🔺)
@sentry/browser + @sentry/tracing - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	26.89 KB (+0.04% 🔺)
@sentry/replay ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	48.13 KB (+1.09% 🔺)
@sentry/replay - Webpack (gzipped + minified)	42.02 KB (+1.35% 🔺)
@sentry/browser + @sentry/tracing + @sentry/replay - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	67.09 KB (+0.88% 🔺)
@sentry/browser + @sentry/replay - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	59.99 KB (+1.02% 🔺)