[pylint] Implement too-many-locals (PLR0914) (#9163)

## Summary

Implements [`PLR0914` -
`too-many-locals`](https://pylint.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/messages/refactor/too-many-locals.html)

See #970 

## Test Plan

`cargo test`

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/too_many_locals.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+def func() -> None:  # OK
+    # 15 is max default
+    first = 1
+    second = 2
+    third = 3
+    fourth = 4
+    fifth = 5
+    sixth = 6
+    seventh = 7
+    eighth = 8
+    ninth = 9
+    tenth = 10
+    eleventh = 11
+    twelveth = 12
+    thirteenth = 13
+    fourteenth = 14
+    fifteenth = 15
+
+
+def func() -> None:  # PLR0914
+    first = 1
+    second = 2
+    third = 3
+    fourth = 4
+    fifth = 5
+    sixth = 6
+    seventh = 7
+    eighth = 8
+    ninth = 9
+    tenth = 10
+    eleventh = 11
+    twelfth = 12
+    thirteenth = 13
+    fourteenth = 14
+    fifteenth = 15
+    sixteenth = 16

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/deferred_scopes.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ pub(crate) fn deferred_scopes(checker: &mut Checker) {
         Rule::RedefinedArgumentFromLocal,
         Rule::RedefinedWhileUnused,
         Rule::RuntimeImportInTypeCheckingBlock,
+        Rule::TooManyLocals,
         Rule::TypingOnlyFirstPartyImport,
         Rule::TypingOnlyStandardLibraryImport,
         Rule::TypingOnlyThirdPartyImport,
@@ -336,6 +337,10 @@ pub(crate) fn deferred_scopes(checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::NoSelfUse) {
                 pylint::rules::no_self_use(checker, scope_id, scope, &mut diagnostics);
             }
+
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::TooManyLocals) {
+                pylint::rules::too_many_locals(checker, scope, &mut diagnostics);
+            }
         }
     }
     checker.diagnostics.extend(diagnostics);

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Pylint, "R0911") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyReturnStatements),
         (Pylint, "R0912") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyBranches),
         (Pylint, "R0913") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyArguments),
+        (Pylint, "R0914") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyLocals),
         (Pylint, "R0915") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyStatements),
         (Pylint, "R0916") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyBooleanExpressions),
         (Pylint, "R0917") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyPositional),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/mod.rs

@@ -346,6 +346,22 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn too_many_locals() -> Result<()> {
+        let diagnostics = test_path(
+            Path::new("pylint/too_many_locals.py"),
+            &LinterSettings {
+                pylint: pylint::settings::Settings {
+                    max_locals: 15,
+                    ..pylint::settings::Settings::default()
+                },
+                ..LinterSettings::for_rules(vec![Rule::TooManyLocals])
+            },
+        )?;
+        assert_messages!(diagnostics);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn unspecified_encoding_python39_or_lower() -> Result<()> {
         let diagnostics = test_path(

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/mod.rs

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ pub(crate) use sys_exit_alias::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_arguments::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_boolean_expressions::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_branches::*;
+pub(crate) use too_many_locals::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_positional::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_public_methods::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_return_statements::*;
@@ -132,6 +133,7 @@ mod sys_exit_alias;
 mod too_many_arguments;
 mod too_many_boolean_expressions;
 mod too_many_branches;
+mod too_many_locals;
 mod too_many_positional;
 mod too_many_public_methods;
 mod too_many_return_statements;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/too_many_locals.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::identifier::Identifier;
+use ruff_python_semantic::{Scope, ScopeKind};
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for functions that include too many local variables.
+///
+/// By default, this rule allows up to fifteen locals, as configured by the
+/// [`pylint.max-locals`] option.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// Functions with many local variables are harder to understand and maintain.
+///
+/// Consider refactoring functions with many local variables into smaller
+/// functions with fewer assignments.
+///
+/// ## Options
+/// - `pylint.max-locals`
+#[violation]
+pub struct TooManyLocals {
+    current_amount: usize,
+    max_amount: usize,
+}
+
+impl Violation for TooManyLocals {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        let TooManyLocals {
+            current_amount,
+            max_amount,
+        } = self;
+        format!("Too many local variables: ({current_amount}/{max_amount})")
+    }
+}
+
+/// PLR0914
+pub(crate) fn too_many_locals(checker: &Checker, scope: &Scope, diagnostics: &mut Vec<Diagnostic>) {
+    let num_locals = scope
+        .binding_ids()
+        .filter(|id| {
+            let binding = checker.semantic().binding(*id);
+            binding.kind.is_assignment()
+        })
+        .count();
+    if num_locals > checker.settings.pylint.max_locals {
+        if let ScopeKind::Function(func) = scope.kind {
+            diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
+                TooManyLocals {
+                    current_amount: num_locals,
+                    max_amount: checker.settings.pylint.max_locals,
+                },
+                func.identifier(),
+            ));
+        };
+    }
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/settings.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ pub struct Settings {
     pub max_branches: usize,
     pub max_statements: usize,
     pub max_public_methods: usize,
+    pub max_locals: usize,
 }
 
 impl Default for Settings {
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ impl Default for Settings {
             max_branches: 12,
             max_statements: 50,
             max_public_methods: 20,
+            max_locals: 15,
         }
     }
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__pylint__tests__too_many_locals.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/mod.rs
+---
+too_many_locals.py:20:5: PLR0914 Too many local variables: (16/15)
+   |
+20 | def func() -> None:  # PLR0914
+   |     ^^^^ PLR0914
+21 |     first = 1
+22 |     second = 2
+   |
+
+

crates/ruff_workspace/src/options.rs

@@ -2703,6 +2703,11 @@ pub struct PylintOptions {
     #[option(default = r"3", value_type = "int", example = r"max-pos-args = 3")]
     pub max_positional_args: Option<usize>,
 
+    /// Maximum number of local variables allowed for a function or method body (see:
+    /// `PLR0914`).
+    #[option(default = r"15", value_type = "int", example = r"max-locals = 15")]
+    pub max_locals: Option<usize>,
+
     /// Maximum number of statements allowed for a function or method body (see:
     /// `PLR0915`).
     #[option(default = r"50", value_type = "int", example = r"max-statements = 50")]
@@ -2742,6 +2747,7 @@ impl PylintOptions {
             max_public_methods: self
                 .max_public_methods
                 .unwrap_or(defaults.max_public_methods),
+            max_locals: self.max_locals.unwrap_or(defaults.max_locals),
         }
     }
 }