[refurb] Implement implicit-cwd (FURB177) (#7704)

## Summary

Implement
[`no-implicit-cwd`](https://github.com/dosisod/refurb/blob/master/docs/checks.md#furb177-no-implicit-cwd)
as `implicit-cwd`

Related to #1348.

## Test Plan

`cargo test`

crates/ruff_cli/tests/snapshots/integration_test__stdin_json.snap

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ info:
     - "-"
     - "--isolated"
     - "--no-cache"
-    - "--format"
+    - "--output-format"
     - json
     - "--stdin-filename"
     - F401.py

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/refurb/FURB177.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import pathlib
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Errors
+_ = Path().resolve()
+_ = pathlib.Path().resolve()
+
+_ = Path("").resolve()
+_ = pathlib.Path("").resolve()
+
+_ = Path(".").resolve()
+_ = pathlib.Path(".").resolve()
+
+_ = Path("", **kwargs).resolve()
+_ = pathlib.Path("", **kwargs).resolve()
+
+_ = Path(".", **kwargs).resolve()
+_ = pathlib.Path(".", **kwargs).resolve()
+
+# OK
+_ = Path.cwd()
+_ = pathlib.Path.cwd()
+
+_ = Path("foo").resolve()
+_ = pathlib.Path("foo").resolve()
+
+_ = Path(".", "foo").resolve()
+_ = pathlib.Path(".", "foo").resolve()
+
+_ = Path(*args).resolve()
+_ = pathlib.Path(*args).resolve()

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -913,6 +913,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::ExceptionWithoutExcInfo) {
                 flake8_logging::rules::exception_without_exc_info(checker, call);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::ImplicitCwd) {
+                refurb::rules::no_implicit_cwd(checker, call);
+            }
         }
         Expr::Dict(
             dict @ ast::ExprDict {

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -925,6 +925,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Refurb, "140") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::ReimplementedStarmap),
         (Refurb, "145") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::SliceCopy),
         (Refurb, "148") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::UnnecessaryEnumerate),
+        (Refurb, "177") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::ImplicitCwd),
 
         // flake8-logging
         (Flake8Logging, "001") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::flake8_logging::rules::DirectLoggerInstantiation),

crates/ruff_linter/src/registry/rule_set.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use ruff_macros::CacheKey;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::iter::FusedIterator;
 
-const RULESET_SIZE: usize = 11;
+const RULESET_SIZE: usize = 12;
 
 /// A set of [`Rule`]s.
 ///

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/mod.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(Rule::SliceCopy, Path::new("FURB145.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::UnnecessaryEnumerate, Path::new("FURB148.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::PrintEmptyString, Path::new("FURB105.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::ImplicitCwd, Path::new("FURB177.py"))]
     fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.noqa_code(), path.to_string_lossy());
         let diagnostics = test_path(

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/rules/implicit_cwd.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Edit, Fix, Violation};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, ExprAttribute, ExprCall};
+use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
+
+use crate::{checkers::ast::Checker, importer::ImportRequest, registry::AsRule};
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for current-directory lookups using `Path().resolve()`.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// When looking up the current directory, prefer `Path.cwd()` over
+/// `Path().resolve()`, as `Path.cwd()` is more explicit in its intent.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// cwd = Path.resolve()
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// cwd = Path.cwd()
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## References
+/// - [Python documentation: `Path.cwd`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.Path.cwd)
+
+#[violation]
+pub struct ImplicitCwd;
+
+impl Violation for ImplicitCwd {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups")
+    }
+}
+
+/// FURB177
+pub(crate) fn no_implicit_cwd(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ExprCall) {
+    if !call.arguments.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let Expr::Attribute(ExprAttribute { attr, value, .. }) = call.func.as_ref() else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    if attr != "resolve" {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let Expr::Call(ExprCall {
+        func, arguments, ..
+    }) = value.as_ref()
+    else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    // Match on arguments, but ignore keyword arguments. `Path()` accepts keyword arguments, but
+    // ignores them. See: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/98094.
+    match arguments.args.as_slice() {
+        // Ex) `Path().resolve()`
+        [] => {}
+        // Ex) `Path(".").resolve()`
+        [arg] => {
+            let Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
+                value: Constant::Str(str),
+                ..
+            }) = arg
+            else {
+                return;
+            };
+            if !matches!(str.value.as_str(), "" | ".") {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        // Ex) `Path("foo", "bar").resolve()`
+        _ => return,
+    }
+
+    if !checker
+        .semantic()
+        .resolve_call_path(func)
+        .is_some_and(|call_path| matches!(call_path.as_slice(), ["pathlib", "Path"]))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(ImplicitCwd, call.range());
+
+    if checker.patch(diagnostic.kind.rule()) {
+        diagnostic.try_set_fix(|| {
+            let (import_edit, binding) = checker.importer().get_or_import_symbol(
+                &ImportRequest::import("pathlib", "Path"),
+                call.start(),
+                checker.semantic(),
+            )?;
+            Ok(Fix::suggested_edits(
+                Edit::range_replacement(format!("{binding}.cwd()"), call.range()),
+                [import_edit],
+            ))
+        });
+    }
+
+    checker
+        .diagnostics
+        .push(Diagnostic::new(ImplicitCwd, call.range()));
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/rules/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub(crate) use check_and_remove_from_set::*;
 pub(crate) use delete_full_slice::*;
+pub(crate) use implicit_cwd::*;
 pub(crate) use print_empty_string::*;
 pub(crate) use reimplemented_starmap::*;
 pub(crate) use repeated_append::*;
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ pub(crate) use unnecessary_enumerate::*;
 
 mod check_and_remove_from_set;
 mod delete_full_slice;
+mod implicit_cwd;
 mod print_empty_string;
 mod reimplemented_starmap;
 mod repeated_append;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__refurb__tests__FURB177_FURB177.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/mod.rs
+---
+FURB177.py:5:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+  |
+4 | # Errors
+5 | _ = Path().resolve()
+  |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+6 | _ = pathlib.Path().resolve()
+  |
+
+FURB177.py:6:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+  |
+4 | # Errors
+5 | _ = Path().resolve()
+6 | _ = pathlib.Path().resolve()
+  |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+7 | 
+8 | _ = Path("").resolve()
+  |
+
+FURB177.py:8:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+  |
+6 | _ = pathlib.Path().resolve()
+7 | 
+8 | _ = Path("").resolve()
+  |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+9 | _ = pathlib.Path("").resolve()
+  |
+
+FURB177.py:9:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+   |
+ 8 | _ = Path("").resolve()
+ 9 | _ = pathlib.Path("").resolve()
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+10 | 
+11 | _ = Path(".").resolve()
+   |
+
+FURB177.py:11:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+   |
+ 9 | _ = pathlib.Path("").resolve()
+10 | 
+11 | _ = Path(".").resolve()
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+12 | _ = pathlib.Path(".").resolve()
+   |
+
+FURB177.py:12:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+   |
+11 | _ = Path(".").resolve()
+12 | _ = pathlib.Path(".").resolve()
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+13 | 
+14 | _ = Path("", **kwargs).resolve()
+   |
+
+FURB177.py:14:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+   |
+12 | _ = pathlib.Path(".").resolve()
+13 | 
+14 | _ = Path("", **kwargs).resolve()
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+15 | _ = pathlib.Path("", **kwargs).resolve()
+   |
+
+FURB177.py:15:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+   |
+14 | _ = Path("", **kwargs).resolve()
+15 | _ = pathlib.Path("", **kwargs).resolve()
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+16 | 
+17 | _ = Path(".", **kwargs).resolve()
+   |
+
+FURB177.py:17:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+   |
+15 | _ = pathlib.Path("", **kwargs).resolve()
+16 | 
+17 | _ = Path(".", **kwargs).resolve()
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+18 | _ = pathlib.Path(".", **kwargs).resolve()
+   |
+
+FURB177.py:18:5: FURB177 Prefer `Path.cwd()` over `Path().resolve()` for current-directory lookups
+   |
+17 | _ = Path(".", **kwargs).resolve()
+18 | _ = pathlib.Path(".", **kwargs).resolve()
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB177
+19 | 
+20 | # OK
+   |
+
+