bytes, strings: optimize Cut for single-byte separators

Optimize the Cut function in both the bytes and strings packages
to immediately return slices when the separator is a single byte (or
character), avoiding more complex index searching logic. This change
can significantly reduce the execution time for these specific cases,
as benchmark tests added to each package demonstrate improvements.

The optimization checks if the length of the separator is one before
proceeding with the existing search strategy. If so, it uses IndexByte
for a faster lookup of the separator's position.

Additionally, benchmark tests have been added for both packages to
demonstrate the performance benefits of this optimization across
various scenarios.

goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: strings
cpu: Apple M2 Max
                  │ old-cut.txt │             new-cut.txt             │
                  │   sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base                │
Cut/Cut-One/2-12    4.026n ± 2%   3.274n ± 2%  -18.68% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-Two/2-12    8.093n ± 0%   8.357n ± 0%   +3.27% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-One/4-12    4.048n ± 1%   3.324n ± 2%  -17.91% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-Two/4-12    8.105n ± 0%   8.377n ± 1%   +3.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-One/8-12    4.089n ± 1%   3.290n ± 1%  -19.53% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-Two/8-12    8.107n ± 1%   8.359n ± 1%   +3.10% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-One/16-12   4.127n ± 1%   3.328n ± 1%  -19.35% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-Two/16-12   8.119n ± 1%   8.374n ± 1%   +3.15% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-One/32-12   4.545n ± 2%   3.675n ± 1%  -19.14% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-Two/32-12   8.708n ± 1%   8.963n ± 1%   +2.92% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-One/64-12   4.825n ± 2%   4.146n ± 1%  -14.08% (p=0.000 n=10)
Cut/Cut-Two/64-12   9.286n ± 0%   9.315n ± 1%        ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
geomean             5.983n        5.486n        -8.32%

                  │ old-cut.txt  │             new-cut.txt             │
                  │     B/op     │    B/op     vs base                 │
Cut/Cut-One/2-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/2-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/4-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/4-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/8-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/8-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/16-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/16-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/32-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/32-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/64-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/64-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
geomean                        ²               +0.00%                ²
¹ all samples are equal
² summaries must be >0 to compute geomean

                  │ old-cut.txt  │             new-cut.txt             │
                  │  allocs/op   │ allocs/op   vs base                 │
Cut/Cut-One/2-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/2-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/4-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/4-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/8-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/8-12    0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/16-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/16-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/32-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/32-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-One/64-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
Cut/Cut-Two/64-12   0.000 ± 0%     0.000 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
geomean                        ²               +0.00%                ²
¹ all samples are equal
² summaries must be >0 to compute geomean

For golang#67101

src/bytes/bytes.go

@@ -1330,6 +1330,12 @@ func Index(s, sep []byte) int {
 //
 // Cut returns slices of the original slice s, not copies.
 func Cut(s, sep []byte) (before, after []byte, found bool) {
+	if len(sep) == 1 {
+		if i := IndexByte(s, sep[0]); i >= 0 {
+			return s[:i], s[i+1:], true
+		}
+		return s, nil, false
+	}
 	if i := Index(s, sep); i >= 0 {
 		return s[:i], s[i+len(sep):], true
 	}

src/bytes/bytes_test.go

@@ -2263,3 +2263,21 @@ func TestClone(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkCut(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	for _, skip := range [...]int{2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64} {
+		s := Repeat(append(append(Repeat([]byte(" "), skip), 'a', 'a'), Repeat([]byte(" "), skip)...), 1<<16/skip)
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("Cut-One/%d", skip), func(b *testing.B) {
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				_, _, _ = Cut(s, []byte{'a'})
+			}
+		})
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("Cut-Two/%d", skip), func(b *testing.B) {
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				_, _, _ = Cut(s, []byte{'a', 'a'})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

src/strings/strings.go

@@ -1309,9 +1309,16 @@ func Index(s, substr string) int {
 // The found result reports whether sep appears in s.
 // If sep does not appear in s, cut returns s, "", false.
 func Cut(s, sep string) (before, after string, found bool) {
+	if len(sep) == 1 {
+		if i := IndexByte(s, sep[0]); i >= 0 {
+			return s[:i], s[i+1:], true
+		}
+		return s, "", false
+	}
 	if i := Index(s, sep); i >= 0 {
 		return s[:i], s[i+len(sep):], true
 	}
+
 	return s, "", false
 }
 

src/strings/strings_test.go

@@ -2071,3 +2071,21 @@ func BenchmarkReplaceAll(b *testing.B) {
 		stringSink = ReplaceAll("banana", "a", "<>")
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkCut(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	for _, skip := range [...]int{2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64} {
+		s := Repeat(Repeat(" ", skip)+"aa"+Repeat(" ", skip), 1<<16/skip)
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("Cut-One/%d", skip), func(b *testing.B) {
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				_, _, _ = Cut(s, "a")
+			}
+		})
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("Cut-Two/%d", skip), func(b *testing.B) {
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				_, _, _ = Cut(s, "aa")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}