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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Sass, Compass, and Working Locally</title>
<meta name="description" content="A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML">
<meta name="author" content="Hakim El Hattab">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<link rel="stylesheet" target="_blank" href="css/reveal.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" target="_blank" href="css/theme/default.css" id="theme">
<!-- For syntax highlighting -->
<link rel="stylesheet" target="_blank" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
<style type="text/css">
.reveal b {
color: hsl(0, 59%, 60%);
font-weight: normal;
}
.reveal code mark {
color: white;
background: hsl(338, 49%, 50%);
padding: 0 7px;
}
.alt-bg .state-background {
background-color: hsla(7, 74%, 45%, .6);
}
</style>
<!-- If the query includes 'print-pdf', use the PDF print sheet -->
<script>
document.write( '<link rel="stylesheet" target="_blank" href="css/print/' + ( window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'pdf' : 'paper' ) + '.css" type="text/css" media="print">' );
</script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section data-state="alt-bg">
<h1>Getting Sassay</h1>
<h2>Everything you need to know about Sass, Compass, and a practical Local Workflow</h2>
<p>
<small>By <a target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/xiwcx">Welch Canavan</a> & <a target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/robwierzbowski">Rob Wierzbowski</a></small>
</p>
<aside class="notes">
What are your roles? What is your programming experience? Sass experience? How do you currently organize css?
</aside>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<section>
<h2 class="fragment"> Sass is a CSS <b>preprocessor</b> </h2>
<h2 class="fragment"> written in <b>Ruby</b> </h2>
<h2 class="fragment"> that <b>compiles</b> into CSS. </h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3>SCSS</h3>
<pre><code>$primary-color: red;
.article {
.title {
background: $primary-color;
}
}</pre></code>
<h3>CSS</h3>
<pre><code>.article .title {
background: red;
}</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
This is what it looks like.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Why use sass?</h2>
<p class="fragment upper-lower">Reduce repetition <b>(no more copy-pasting!)</b></p>
<p class="fragment upper-lower">Create manageable, well organized, reusable code <b>(one use, in one place)</b></p>
<p class="fragment upper-lower">Add simple logic to the declarative language of CSS <b>(if this then WHAAAT?)</b></p>
<p class="fragment upper-lower">Built in error checking <b>(no more hunting missing semicolons!)</b></p>
<aside class="notes">
Reduce repetition (no more copy-pasting!)<br>
Create manageable, well organized code (one use, in one place)<br>
Add simple logic to the declarative language of CSS (if this then WHAAAT?)<br>
Built in error checking (no more hunting missing semicolons!)<br>
All this is going to allow you to...
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Spend your time developing css systems,<br>
Not doing busy work.</h2>
</section>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<section>
<h2>The Basics</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Sass has two syntaxes:</h2>
<div class="fragment">
<p>.sass</p>
<pre><code>#main
color: blue
font-size: 0.3em
+link-colors(#00c, #0cc, #c0c, #ccc, #cc0)</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<p>.scss</p>
<pre><code>#main {
color: blue;
font-size: 0.3em;
@include link-colors(#00c, #0cc, #c0c, #ccc, #cc0);
}</code></pre>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Write <b>.SCSS</b></h2>
<p class="fragment">SCSS is a <em>superset</em> of CSS</p>
<p class="fragment">Easy to start. Rename your .css files to .scss</p>
<p class="fragment">Use the features of sass you're comfortable with. You can still write normal CSS</p>
<aside class="notes">
SCSS is a superset of CSS<br>
Easy to start. Rename your .css files to .scss<br>
Use the features of sass you're comfortable with. You can still write normal CSS<br>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Sass files aren't useful on their own.</h2>
<p class="fragment">After you create or change an .scss file, you have to...</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2><b>Compile</b> your SCSS to CSS</h2>
<p class="fragment">The Sass gem turns your .scss into plain .css</p>
<p class="fragment">This is what you give the browser</p>
<p class="fragment">Sass is a <b>local</b> tool</p>
<aside class="notes">
The Sass gem turns your .scss into plain .css<br>
This is what you give the browser<br>
Sass is a local tool<br>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<h2>Let's get into the Language</h2>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<h2>The easy stuff</h2>
<ul>
<li>Variables</li>
<li>Nesting</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<section>
<h2>Variables</h2>
<pre><code>$imagebox-blue: #337FCC;</code></pre>
<p class="fragment">Simple replacement of a <b>CSS value</b></p>
<p class="fragment">Stop writing the same things over and over</p>
<p class="fragment">Colors, font stacks, grid padding</p>
<p class="fragment">Change all values in a stylesheet from one place</p>
<aside class="notes">
Simple replacement of a CSS value<br>
Stop writing the same things over and over<br>
Colors, font stacks, grid padding<br>
Change all values in a stylesheet from one place
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code>$imagebox-blue: #337FCC;
$font-primary: Baskerville, Times, serif;
$sprite-bg: $imagebox-blue url(../img/sprites.png);</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>SCSS</h2>
<pre><code><mark>$imagebox-blue</mark>: #337FCC;
.title {
margin: 1.6 0;
color: <mark>$imagebox-blue</mark>;
font-size: 2rem;
}
.action-link:hover {
border-bottom: solid 1px <mark>$imagebox-blue</mark>;
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CSS</h2>
<pre><code>.title {
margin: 1.6 0;
color: <mark>#337FCC</mark>;
font-size: 2rem;
}
.action-link:hover {
border-bottom: solid 1px <mark>#337FCC</mark>;
}</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
Everything has been replaced! Use these any time a value is re-usable, or a value means something. Is it your primary site color, your brand color, your column padding? Name it that, use a variable.
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<section>
<h2>Nesting</h2>
<pre><code>article {
.title {
color: green;
}
}</code></pre>
<p class="fragment">Stop writing the same things over and over</p>
<p class="fragment">Smaller Sass stylesheets. See at a glance how selectors relate to each other</p>
<aside class="notes">
Stop writing the same things over and over<br>
Smaller Sass stylesheets. See at a glance how selectors relate to each other
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>SCSS</h2>
<pre><code>.article {
margin-bottom: 2em;
.title {
font-size: 2em;
background: $primary-color;
}
.subtitle {
font-size: 1.5em;
}
}</pre></code>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CSS</h2>
<pre><code>.article { margin-bottom: 2em; }
.article .title { font-size: 2em; background: red; }
.article .subtitle { font-size: 1.5em; }</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>The <b>&</b> selector <br> represents a nested selector's <br> <b>parent</b></h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>SCSS</h2>
<pre><code>a {
text-decoration: none;
<mark>&</mark>:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
}
.article {
margin-bottom: 2rem;
.home <mark>&</mark> {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
}
.logo {
.no-svg <mark>&</mark> {
background: url(../img/logo.png);
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CSS</h2>
<pre><code>a { text-decoration: none; }
<mark>a</mark>:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.article { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.home <mark>.article</mark> { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.no-svg <mark>.header</mark> { background: url(../img/logo.png); }</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
Use nesting to keep related styles together, any time you would write out a compound selector. but...
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Careful!</h2>
<p class="fragment">Don't nest too greedily, or too deep</p>
<p class="fragment">Too much nesting binds the css with html structure</p>
<p class="fragment"><b>Inception Rule:</b> Three levels is pushing it — Four is too many
</section>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<h2>Level up</h2>
<ul>
<li>Mixins, arguments</li>
<li>Extend</li>
<li>Functions</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<section>
<h2>Mixins</h2>
<pre><code>.action-item {
@include sassy-button("shiny");
}</code></pre>
<p class="fragment">Bundle and reuse <b>a group of css rules</b></p>
<p class="fragment"><em>Stop writing the same things over and over</em></p>
<p class="fragment">Create a library of styles to re-use, <br>both during and between projects</p>
<aside class="notes">
The really good stuff<br>
Bundle and reuse a group of css rules<br>
Stop writing the same things over and over<br>
Create a library of styles to re-use,<br>
both during and between projects
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>SCSS</h2>
<h2>First, you <b>define</b> the mixin</h2>
<pre><code>@mixin clearfix() {
&:before {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
&:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
clear: both;
}
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Then, you <b>include</b> the mixin</h2>
<pre><code>.container {
@include clearfix();
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CSS</h2>
<pre><code>.container:before {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
.container:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
clear: both;
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Mixins can take <b>arguments</b></h2>
<pre><code>.action-item {
@include border-radius(<mark>10px</mark>);
}</code></pre>
<p class="fragment">Arguments pass information into the mixin</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>For example...</h2>
<pre><code>@mixin border-radius($radius) {
-webkit-border-radius: $radius;
-moz-border-radius: $radius;
border-radius: $radius;
}</code></pre>
<pre class="fragment"><code>.container {
@include border-radius(10px);
}</code></pre>
<pre class="fragment"><code>.container {
-webkit-border-radius: 10px;
-moz-border-radius: 10px;
border-radius: 10px;
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code>@mixin size-box($width, $height, $bg-color: white) {
width: $width;
height: $height;
background: $bg-color;
}</code></pre>
<pre class="fragment"><code>.container {
@include size-box(50%, 450px);
}</code></pre>
<pre class="fragment"><code>.container {
width: 50%;
height: 450px;
background: white;
}</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
Use mixins to bundle your reusable style groups. Custom headers, buttons, hover styles. Mixins can also contain logic, which we'll get to later. Every time you use a mixin it prints the code again and again...
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<section>
<h2>Placeholders and Extend</h2>
<pre><code>.subtitle {
@extend %secondary-title;
}</code></pre>
<p class="fragment">Placeholders are like mixins, but without arguments</p>
<p class="fragment">The rules they contain are <b>only printed if they're extended</b></p>
<p class="fragment">Instead of duplicating code every time it's called, extend creates a <b>comma separated list of selectors and a single set of rules</b></p>
<aside class="notes">
Placeholders are like mixins, but without arguments<br>
The rules they contain are only printed if they're extended<br>
Instead of duplicating code every time it's called, extend creates a comma separated list of selectors and a single set of rules
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>SCSS</h2>
<h2>First, you <b>define</b> the placeholder</h2>
<pre><code>%secondary-title {
font-size: 1.3em;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: green;
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Then, you <b>extend</b> the placeholder</h2>
<pre><code>article .subtitle {
@extend %secondary-title;
}
... A bunch of other styles ...
.callout-title {
@extend %secondary-title;
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CSS</h2>
<pre><code><mark>article .subtitle</mark>, <mark>.callout-title</mark> {
font-size: 1.3em;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: green;
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Careful!</h2>
<p class="fragment">You can extend placeholders <em>and</em> normal selectors</p>
<p class="fragment">Don't extend normal selectors</p>
<div class="fragment">
<p>Watch out for placeholders inside of media queries</p>
<pre><code>.this-style, .that-style, @media (min-width: 25em) { .other_style {} }, .last-style {
...
}</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
You can extend placeholders and normal selectors<br>
Don't extend normal selectors, will extend everywhere a normal selector is used<br>
Watch out for placeholders inside of media queries
</aside>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<section>
<h2>Functions</h2>
<pre><code>.alert-message {
background: tint($primary-color, 20%);
}</code></pre>
<p class="fragment">Functions are like mixins, but they return a <b>single value</b></p>
<p class="fragment">Like mixins, they can (and almost always do) take <b>arguments</b></p>
<p class="fragment">Often used to alter a value you're already reusing, or for calculation</p>
<aside class="notes">
Doing good, almost there.<br>
Functions are like mixins, but they return a single value<br>
Like mixins, they can (and almost always do) take arguments<br>
Often used to alter a value you're already reusing, or for calculation
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>SCSS</h2>
<h2><b style="color:hsl(240, 28%, 57%)">Use</b> it</h2>
<pre><code> $text-color: hsl(240, 28%, 57%);
.disabled-button {
color: transparentize($text-color, 50%);
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Built in Sass Functions</h2>
<p class="fragment">Sass comes with plenty of useful functions built in.</p>
<p class="fragment"><a target="_blank" href="http://sassme.arc90.com/">Color functions in real time</a></p>
<aside class="notes">
You can define and use your own, but most often you'll use the useful built in sass functions. Let's take a look at the color functions on this live preview page.
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<!-- ----------------------------------------------- -->
<section>
<section>
<h2>A peek into Advanced Sass</h2>
<ul>
<li>Math</li>
<li>Control Directives (<b>@if, @else</b>)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Math</h2>
<pre><code>$gutter: 1em;
%grid-container {
padding: 0 $gutter/2;
}
%grid-piece {
float: left;
margin: 0 $gutter/2;
margin-bottom: $gutter;
}</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
like on like calculation
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Control Directives</h2>
<p>Standard logic constructs: <b>@if, @for, @each, @while</b></p>
<pre><code>@mixin clearfix($ie:false) {
@if $legacy == true {
zoom:1;
}
&:before {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
&:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
clear: both;
}
}
@include clearfix($ie:true);</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<!-- ==============
===================
Part 2
===================
=============== -->
<section>
<img src="img/library.jpeg">
<aside class="notes">
It's a lot of work to build (and more importantly) maintain a large library of mixins.
</aside>
</section>
<!-- ==============
===================
COMPASS
===================
=============== -->
<section data-state="alt-bg">
<h1>Enter Compass</h1>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/compass.png"><h1>></h1><img src="img/bourbon.png">
<aside class="notes">
Sass + Compass are often mentioned in the same breath, but there is nothing that inherently ties the two together. There are two frameworks that have emerged. In our opinion Compass is a clear winner and that's what we'll be discussing today.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Why is it the winner?</h2>
<p class="fragment">Much larger library</p>
<p class="fragment">Many more extensions</p>
<p class="fragment">Broad base of support</p>
<p class="fragment">Control through config.rb</p>
<p class="fragment">Comes bundled with a ton of other tools (sprite generation, image compression, url helpers...)
<p class="fragment"><b><em>it's the defacto standard</em></b></p>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li>Much larger library</li>
<li>Many more extensions</li>
<li>Broad base of support</li>
<li>Control through config.rb</li>
<li>Comes bundled with a ton of other tools (sprite generation, image compression, url helpers...)
<li>it's the defacto standard</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>Mixins</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CSS3 Mixins</h2>
<pre class="codepen" data-height="300" data-type="css" data-href="HetEl" data-user="xiwcx" data-safe="true"><code>.wo-c {
background-color: #444444;
background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#444444), to(#999999));
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #444444, #999999);
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #444444, #999999);
background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #444444, #999999);
background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #444444, #999999);
}
.w-c {
@include background(linear-gradient(#444444, #999999));
}
.w-c,
.wo-c {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin-right: 1em;
float: left;
}</code><a href="http://codepen.io/xiwcx/pen/HetEl">Check out this Pen!</a></pre>
<script async src="http://codepen.io/assets/embed/ei.js"></script>
<a target="_blank" href="http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/css3/images/">http://compass-style.</a>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Mixins for Common Patterns</h2>
<h3>CSS</h3>
<pre><code>
a:link { color: #B2FF99; }
a:hover { color: #FF704D; }
a:active { color: #FF704D; }
a:visited { color: #FFFF85; }
a:focus { color: #FF704D; }
</pre></code>
</section>
<section>
<h3>SCSS</h3>
<pre><code>
a {
&:link { color: #B2FF99 }
&:hover { color: #FF704D; }
&:active { color: #FF704D; }
&:visited { color: #FFFF85; }
&:focus { color: #FF704D; }
}
</pre></code>
</section>
<section>
<h3>SCSS w/ Compass</h3>
<pre><code>
a {
@include link-colors( #B2FF99, #FF704D, #FF704D, #FFFF85, #FF704D );
}
</pre></code>
<a target="_blank" href="http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/typography/links/link_colors/">http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/typography/links/link_colors/</a>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>Wait, there's more!</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>config.rb</h2>
<img src="img/configrb.png">
<aside class="notes">
- Preferences don't have to be called every time in the command line, they can be set in the config.rb
- Extensions can be required together, and the config file shared for people working on the same project
- compass watch
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Massively Extensible</h2>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/scottkellum/modular-scale">Modular Scale</a> for typography</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="http://susy.oddbird.net/">Susy</a> for layout</li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/canarymasobbreakpoint">Breakpoint</a> for media queries</li>
<li><a href="http://jaredhardy.com/sassy-buttons/">Sassy Buttons</a> for fancy CSS3 buttons</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Compass Extenstions: All Together Now</h2>
<pre><code>
// Breakpoint Variables
$med: 500px;
$lrg: 800px;
// Singularity Variables
$grids: 2, 6 $med, 12 $lrg;
// Our Rules
.main {
@include grid-span(2, 1);
@include breakpoint($med) {
@include grid-span(4, 1);
}
@include breakpoint($lrg) {
@include grid-span(6, 1);
}
}
</pre></code>
<p>This example uses <a target="_blank" href="http://singularity.gs">Singularity</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/canarymason/breakpoint">Breakpoint</a> gems.
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>Use Wisely!</h2>
</section>
<section>
<p>Know your tools</p>
<p>The clearfix Compass includes is outdated</p>
<pre><code>
div {
@include clearfix;
}
</pre></code>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>
div {
overflow: hidden;
*zoom: 1;
}
</pre></code>
</section>
<section>
<p>You'd be better off with:</p>
<pre><code>
@mixin cf{
&:before,
&:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
&:after {
clear: both;
}
}
%cf {
@include cf;
}
</pre></code>
<small>*<a target="_blank" href="http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/">Nicholas Gallagher Micro Clearfix</a></small>
</section>
</section>
<!-- ==============
===================
BREAK
===================
=============== -->
<section data-state="alt-bg">
<h1>LET'S TAKE A FUCKING BREAK!</h1>
<small>unless you don't want to</small>
</section>
<!-- ==============
===================
BEST PRACTICES
===================
=============== -->
<section data-state="alt-bg">
<h1>Best Practices</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Two Layer Abstraction</h2>
<pre class="codepen" data-height="300" data-type="css" data-href="smykp" data-user="xiwcx" data-safe="true"><code>$red: hsl(360, 100%, 50%);
$blue: hsl(240, 100%, 50%);
$yellow: hsl(60, 100%, 50%);
$green: hsl(120, 100%, 50%);
$primary-color: $red;
$secondary-color: $blue;
$tertiary-color: $yellow;
$quadrary-color: $green;
/*
$yellow-magnolia: #DEB159;
$dark-brown: #2C1209;
$marroon: #6D2013;
$deep-red: #910F15;
$primary-color: $yellow-magnolia;
$secondary-color: $dark-brown;
$tertiary-color: $marroon;
$quadrary-color: $deep-red;
*/
.one {
background: $primary-color;
@extend %form;
}
.two {
background: $secondary-color;
@extend %form;
}
.three {
background: $tertiary-color;
@extend %form;
}
.four {
background: $quadrary-color;
@extend %form;
}
%form {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
display: inline-block;
margin: 5px;
}</code><a target="_blank" href="http://codepen.io/xiwcx/pen/smykp">Check out this Pen!</a></pre>
<script async src="http://codepen.io/assets/embed/ei.js"></script>
<aside class="notes">
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>Use Placeholders to avoid code bloat</h2>
<p class="fragment">and</p>
<h2 class="fragment">Populate your placeholders with Mixins</h2>
<pre class="fragment"><code>%active-button {
@include sassy-buttons(shiny, #c0ff33);
}</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>