feat(parser): add exported meta object

[JoshuaKGoldberg]

PR Checklist

• Addresses an existing open issue: fixes Enhancement: Add serialization info to parser #6541
• That issue was marked as accepting prs
• Steps in Contributing were taken

Overview

Adds an exported meta object with name and version to @typescript-eslint/parser.

[typescript-eslint]

Thanks for the PR, @JoshuaKGoldberg!

typescript-eslint is a 100% community driven project, and we are incredibly grateful that you are contributing to that community.

The core maintainers work on this in their personal time, so please understand that it may not be possible for them to review your work immediately.

Thanks again!

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[nzakas]

LGTM.