feat: drop support for node v12

[bradzacher]

BREAKING CHANGE:
drops support for node v12

PR Checklist

• Addresses an existing open issue: fixes Drop support for NodeJS v12 #5917
• That issue was marked as accepting prs
• Steps in CONTRIBUTING.md were taken

Overview

Bumps all the engine strings to remove the v12 range

[typescript-eslint]

Thanks for the PR, @bradzacher!

typescript-eslint is a 100% community driven project, and we are incredibly grateful that you are contributing to that community.

The core maintainers work on this in their personal time, so please understand that it may not be possible for them to review your work immediately.

Thanks again!

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[JoshuaKGoldberg]

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[bmish]

Follow-up comment about this here: #5886 (comment)