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ReST has no fixed indent and only a change in indentation is significant not the amount1. Thus, the following code inside the code block is not indent even it looks so with respect to the previous block.
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Having an option "fixates" the indent to be 3 spaces, thus the code inside the code block is indented by 4 spaces.
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The code has 6 spaces indent, minus 4 spaces dedent should yield a 2 space indented code in the output.
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Dedenting by zero, should not strip any spaces and be a no-op.
Note
This can be used as an alternative to :class: dummy
above, to fixate the ReST indentation of the block.
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Dedent without argument should autostrip common whitespace at the beginning.
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