[FEA] CI should test configuring libcudf for static library builds

[bdice]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
Some of the CMake code paths used in libcudf builds are different for shared vs. static library builds. This led to a problem where #15178 passed CI, but static builds failed. This broke both spark-rapids-jni (#15270) and cuSpatial wheel builds.

Describe the solution you'd like
We should add a CI job that runs a CMake configure step (but not a full build) for libcudf with -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF.

Additional context
PR #15271 fixed the static builds.