Implement PEP 649 and PEP 749

[JelleZijlstra]

PEP-649 has been accepted and should be implemented in PEP 649. Let's use this issue to track the implementation:

• Decide on or clarify the adoption strategy (https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-649-deferred-evaluation-of-annotations-tentatively-accepted/21331/44)
• Add new __annotate__ attributes gh-119180: PEP 649: Add __annotate__ attributes #119209
• Implement core interpreter changes (e.g., new symbol table functionality) gh-119180: PEP 649 compiler changes #119361
• Implement new Python-level APIs, like the new format argument to inspect.get_annotations gh-119180: Add annotationlib module to support PEP 649 #119891
  • (PEP-649 specifies that inspect.AnnotationsFormat should be a "global enum". Is that desirable? TBD. https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119361/files#r1614753031)
• Document the new semantics
• Make staticmethod and classmethod not force evaluation of annotations gh-119180: Lazily wrap annotations on classmethod and staticmethod #119864
• Adapt standard library code that uses annotations to work excellently with PEP 649
  • dataclasses gh-119180: Add annotationlib module to support PEP 649 #119891
  • typing.py: TypedDict, NamedTuple, try to remove dependency on inspect. (If it can't be removed, get rid of the awkward dance we do for typing.Protocol to import inspect.getattr_static lazily.)
  • singledispatch gh-119180: Add annotationlib module to support PEP 649 #119891
  • functools.update_wrapper gh-119180: Add annotationlib module to support PEP 649 #119891
• Add PEP 649-like functionality to TypeAliasType, TypeVar, etc. (pep649-typevar branch in my fork)
• Make sure the ecosystem is ready by testing third-party libraries like Pydantic
  • typing_extensions: needs changes similar to those in typing.py (Support my PEP 649 branch typing_extensions#412)
  • beartype: had various unrelated problems on 3.13 ([Future] Python 3.13 conformance beartype/beartype#387); a few additional tests fail on the PR branch due to direct manipulation of __dict__
  • typeguard: some unrelated 3.13 problems (Support Python 3.13 agronholm/typeguard#460); no test failures related to PEP 649
  • pyanalyze: some unrelated 3.13 issues and a few changes necessary due to direct __dict__ access (Support Python 3.13 quora/pyanalyze#773)
  • pydantic: failed to build for 3.14 so far
• Optimize the implementation. Ideas:
  • Avoid creation of function objects and store only code objects instead
  • Avoid creation of AST nodes and use of eval() for ForwardRefs that are just names

I am planning to work on the interpreter core first.

cc @larryhastings @carljm @samuelcolvin

Linked PRs

• gh-119180: PEP 649: Add __annotate__ attributes #119209
• gh-119180: Add LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT opcode #119321
• gh-119180: PEP 649 compiler changes #119361
• gh-119180: Update the magic number #119397
• gh-119180: Lazily wrap annotations on classmethod and staticmethod #119864
• gh-119180: Add annotationlib module to support PEP 649 #119891