diff --git a/Tests/test_imagefile.py b/Tests/test_imagefile.py
index ff75b8c2a69..2389c471748 100644
--- a/Tests/test_imagefile.py
+++ b/Tests/test_imagefile.py
@@ -115,8 +115,9 @@ def test_safeblock(self):
         assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
 
     def test_raise_oserror(self):
-        with pytest.raises(OSError):
-            ImageFile.raise_oserror(1)
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+                ImageFile.raise_oserror(1)
 
     def test_raise_typeerror(self):
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
diff --git a/docs/deprecations.rst b/docs/deprecations.rst
index b4fbb8d5053..75c0b73ebed 100644
--- a/docs/deprecations.rst
+++ b/docs/deprecations.rst
@@ -34,6 +34,16 @@ Since Pillow's C API is now faster than PyAccess on PyPy,
 ``Image.USE_CFFI_ACCESS``, for switching from the C API to PyAccess, is
 similarly deprecated.
 
+ImageFile.raise_oserror
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. deprecated:: 10.2.0
+
+``ImageFile.raise_oserror()`` has been deprecated and will be removed in Pillow
+12.0.0 (2025-10-15). The function is undocumented and is only useful for translating
+error codes returned by a codec's ``decode()`` method, which ImageFile already does
+automatically.
+
 Removed features
 ----------------
 
diff --git a/docs/releasenotes/10.2.0.rst b/docs/releasenotes/10.2.0.rst
index bd06e09fc4e..9883f10baf3 100644
--- a/docs/releasenotes/10.2.0.rst
+++ b/docs/releasenotes/10.2.0.rst
@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@ TODO
 Deprecations
 ============
 
+ImageFile.raise_oserror
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``ImageFile.raise_oserror()`` has been deprecated and will be removed in Pillow
+12.0.0 (2025-10-15). The function is undocumented and is only useful for translating
+error codes returned by a codec's ``decode()`` method, which ImageFile already does
+automatically.
+
 TODO
 ^^^^
 
@@ -77,3 +85,9 @@ Calculating the :py:attr:`~PIL.ImageStat.Stat.count` and
 :py:attr:`~PIL.ImageStat.Stat.extrema` statistics is now faster. After the
 histogram is created in ``st = ImageStat.Stat(im)``, ``st.count`` is 3x as fast
 on average and ``st.extrema`` is 12x as fast on average.
+
+Encoder errors now report error detail as string
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+:py:exc:`OSError` exceptions from image encoders now include a textual description of
+the error instead of a numeric error code.
diff --git a/src/PIL/ImageFile.py b/src/PIL/ImageFile.py
index 8bca19a4b8d..1bc11af0f26 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImageFile.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImageFile.py
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 from typing import NamedTuple
 
 from . import Image
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
 from ._util import is_path
 
 MAXBLOCK = 65536
@@ -63,15 +64,25 @@
 # Helpers
 
 
-def raise_oserror(error):
+def _get_oserror(error, *, encoder):
     try:
         msg = Image.core.getcodecstatus(error)
     except AttributeError:
         msg = ERRORS.get(error)
     if not msg:
-        msg = f"decoder error {error}"
-    msg += " when reading image file"
-    raise OSError(msg)
+        msg = f"{'encoder' if encoder else 'decoder'} error {error}"
+    msg += f" when {'writing' if encoder else 'reading'} image file"
+    return OSError(msg)
+
+
+def raise_oserror(error):
+    deprecate(
+        "raise_oserror",
+        12,
+        action="It is only useful for translating error codes returned by a codec's "
+        "decode() method, which ImageFile already does automatically.",
+    )
+    raise _get_oserror(error, encoder=False)
 
 
 def _tilesort(t):
@@ -294,7 +305,7 @@ def load(self):
 
         if not self.map and not LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES and err_code < 0:
             # still raised if decoder fails to return anything
-            raise_oserror(err_code)
+            raise _get_oserror(err_code, encoder=False)
 
         return Image.Image.load(self)
 
@@ -421,7 +432,7 @@ def feed(self, data):
                 if e < 0:
                     # decoding error
                     self.image = None
-                    raise_oserror(e)
+                    raise _get_oserror(e, encoder=False)
                 else:
                     # end of image
                     return
@@ -551,8 +562,7 @@ def _encode_tile(im, fp, tile: list[_Tile], bufsize, fh, exc=None):
                     # slight speedup: compress to real file object
                     errcode = encoder.encode_to_file(fh, bufsize)
             if errcode < 0:
-                msg = f"encoder error {errcode} when writing image file"
-                raise OSError(msg) from exc
+                raise _get_oserror(errcode, encoder=True) from exc
         finally:
             encoder.cleanup()
 
diff --git a/src/PIL/_deprecate.py b/src/PIL/_deprecate.py
index 2f2a3df13e3..33a0e07b3f4 100644
--- a/src/PIL/_deprecate.py
+++ b/src/PIL/_deprecate.py
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ def deprecate(
         raise RuntimeError(msg)
     elif when == 11:
         removed = "Pillow 11 (2024-10-15)"
+    elif when == 12:
+        removed = "Pillow 12 (2025-10-15)"
     else:
         msg = f"Unknown removal version: {when}. Update {__name__}?"
         raise ValueError(msg)