ImagePalette.py

#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# image palette object
#
# History:
# 1996-03-11 fl   Rewritten.
# 1997-01-03 fl   Up and running.
# 1997-08-23 fl   Added load hack
# 2001-04-16 fl   Fixed randint shadow bug in random()
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2001 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1996-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#

import array

from . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile


class ImagePalette:
    """
    Color palette for palette mapped images

    :param mode: The mode to use for the palette. See:
        :ref:`concept-modes`. Defaults to "RGB"
    :param palette: An optional palette. If given, it must be a bytearray,
        an array or a list of ints between 0-255. The list must consist of
        all channels for one color followed by the next color (e.g. RGBRGBRGB).
        Defaults to an empty palette.
    """

    def __init__(self, mode="RGB", palette=None):
        self.mode = mode
        self.rawmode = None  # if set, palette contains raw data
        self.palette = palette or bytearray()
        self.dirty = None

    @property
    def palette(self):
        return self._palette

    @palette.setter
    def palette(self, palette):
        self._colors = None
        self._palette = palette

    @property
    def colors(self):
        if self._colors is None:
            mode_len = len(self.mode)
            self._colors = {}
            for i in range(0, len(self.palette), mode_len):
                color = tuple(self.palette[i : i + mode_len])
                if color in self._colors:
                    continue
                self._colors[color] = i // mode_len
        return self._colors

    @colors.setter
    def colors(self, colors):
        self._colors = colors

    def copy(self):
        new = ImagePalette()

        new.mode = self.mode
        new.rawmode = self.rawmode
        if self.palette is not None:
            new.palette = self.palette[:]
        new.dirty = self.dirty

        return new

    def getdata(self):
        """
        Get palette contents in format suitable for the low-level
        ``im.putpalette`` primitive.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            return self.rawmode, self.palette
        return self.mode, self.tobytes()

    def tobytes(self):
        """Convert palette to bytes.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            msg = "palette contains raw palette data"
            raise ValueError(msg)
        if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):
            return self.palette
        arr = array.array("B", self.palette)
        return arr.tobytes()

    # Declare tostring as an alias for tobytes
    tostring = tobytes

    def _new_color_index(self, image=None, e=None):
        if not isinstance(self.palette, bytearray):
            self._palette = bytearray(self.palette)
        index = len(self.palette) // 3
        special_colors = ()
        if image:
            special_colors = (
                image.info.get("background"),
                image.info.get("transparency"),
            )
            while index in special_colors:
                index += 1
        if index >= 256:
            if image:
                # Search for an unused index
                for i, count in reversed(list(enumerate(image.histogram()))):
                    if count == 0 and i not in special_colors:
                        index = i
                        break
            if index >= 256:
                msg = "cannot allocate more than 256 colors"
                raise ValueError(msg) from e
        return index

    def getcolor(self, color, image=None):
        """Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            msg = "palette contains raw palette data"
            raise ValueError(msg)
        if isinstance(color, tuple):
            if self.mode == "RGB":
                if len(color) == 4:
                    if color[3] != 255:
                        msg = "cannot add non-opaque RGBA color to RGB palette"
                        raise ValueError(msg)
                    color = color[:3]
            elif self.mode == "RGBA":
                if len(color) == 3:
                    color += (255,)
            try:
                return self.colors[color]
            except KeyError as e:
                # allocate new color slot
                index = self._new_color_index(image, e)
                self.colors[color] = index
                if index * 3 < len(self.palette):
                    self._palette = (
                        self.palette[: index * 3]
                        + bytes(color)
                        + self.palette[index * 3 + 3 :]
                    )
                else:
                    self._palette += bytes(color)
                self.dirty = 1
                return index
        else:
            msg = f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}"
            raise ValueError(msg)

    def save(self, fp):
        """Save palette to text file.

        .. warning:: This method is experimental.
        """
        if self.rawmode:
            msg = "palette contains raw palette data"
            raise ValueError(msg)
        if isinstance(fp, str):
            fp = open(fp, "w")
        fp.write("# Palette\n")
        fp.write(f"# Mode: {self.mode}\n")
        for i in range(256):
            fp.write(f"{i}")
            for j in range(i * len(self.mode), (i + 1) * len(self.mode)):
                try:
                    fp.write(f" {self.palette[j]}")
                except IndexError:
                    fp.write(" 0")
            fp.write("\n")
        fp.close()


# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Internal


def raw(rawmode, data):
    palette = ImagePalette()
    palette.rawmode = rawmode
    palette.palette = data
    palette.dirty = 1
    return palette


# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Factories


def make_linear_lut(black, white):
    lut = []
    if black == 0:
        for i in range(256):
            lut.append(white * i // 255)
    else:
        msg = "unavailable when black is non-zero"
        raise NotImplementedError(msg)  # FIXME
    return lut


def make_gamma_lut(exp):
    lut = []
    for i in range(256):
        lut.append(int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5))
    return lut


def negative(mode="RGB"):
    palette = list(range(256 * len(mode)))
    palette.reverse()
    return ImagePalette(mode, [i // len(mode) for i in palette])


def random(mode="RGB"):
    from random import randint

    palette = []
    for i in range(256 * len(mode)):
        palette.append(randint(0, 255))
    return ImagePalette(mode, palette)


def sepia(white="#fff0c0"):
    bands = [make_linear_lut(0, band) for band in ImageColor.getrgb(white)]
    return ImagePalette("RGB", [bands[i % 3][i // 3] for i in range(256 * 3)])


def wedge(mode="RGB"):
    palette = list(range(256 * len(mode)))
    return ImagePalette(mode, [i // len(mode) for i in palette])


def load(filename):
    # FIXME: supports GIMP gradients only

    with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
        for paletteHandler in [
            GimpPaletteFile.GimpPaletteFile,
            GimpGradientFile.GimpGradientFile,
            PaletteFile.PaletteFile,
        ]:
            try:
                fp.seek(0)
                lut = paletteHandler(fp).getpalette()
                if lut:
                    break
            except (SyntaxError, ValueError):
                pass
        else:
            msg = "cannot load palette"
            raise OSError(msg)

    return lut  # data, rawmode