diff --git a/CHANGELOG.rst b/CHANGELOG.rst
index 6255260a..66998737 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ Changelog
 * Introduce ``metadata.Metadata`` (along with ``metadata.ExceptionGroup`` and ``metadata.InvalidMetadata``; :issue:`570`)
 * Introduce the ``validate`` keyword parameter to ``utils.validate_name()`` (:issue:`570`)
 * Introduce ``utils.is_normalized_name()`` (:issue:`570`)
+* Make ``utils.parse_sdist_filename()` and ``utils.parse_wheel_filename()`
+  raise ``InvalidSdistFilename`` and ``InvalidWheelFilename``, respectively,
+  when the version component of the name is invalid
 
 23.1 - 2023-04-12
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/src/packaging/utils.py b/src/packaging/utils.py
index 325687bd..c2c2f75a 100644
--- a/src/packaging/utils.py
+++ b/src/packaging/utils.py
@@ -121,7 +121,14 @@ def parse_wheel_filename(
     if "__" in name_part or re.match(r"^[\w\d._]*$", name_part, re.UNICODE) is None:
         raise InvalidWheelFilename(f"Invalid project name: {filename}")
     name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
-    version = Version(parts[1])
+
+    try:
+        version = Version(parts[1])
+    except InvalidVersion as e:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (invalid version): {filename}"
+        ) from e
+
     if dashes == 5:
         build_part = parts[2]
         build_match = _build_tag_regex.match(build_part)
@@ -154,5 +161,12 @@ def parse_sdist_filename(filename: str) -> Tuple[NormalizedName, Version]:
         raise InvalidSdistFilename(f"Invalid sdist filename: {filename}")
 
     name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
-    version = Version(version_part)
+
+    try:
+        version = Version(version_part)
+    except InvalidVersion as e:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(
+            f"Invalid sdist filename (invalid version): {filename}"
+        ) from e
+
     return (name, version)
diff --git a/tests/test_utils.py b/tests/test_utils.py
index d6e810ac..87c86eef 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ def test_parse_wheel_filename(filename, name, version, build, tags):
         ("foo-1.0-py3-none-any.wheel"),  # Incorrect file extension (`.wheel`)
         ("foo__bar-1.0-py3-none-any.whl"),  # Invalid name (`__`)
         ("foo#bar-1.0-py3-none-any.whl"),  # Invalid name (`#`)
+        ("foobar-1.x-py3-none-any.whl"),  # Invalid version (`1.x`)
         # Build number doesn't start with a digit (`abc`)
         ("foo-1.0-abc-py3-none-any.whl"),
         ("foo-1.0-200-py3-none-any-junk.whl"),  # Too many dashes (`-junk`)
@@ -154,7 +155,14 @@ def test_parse_sdist_filename(filename, name, version):
     assert parse_sdist_filename(filename) == (name, version)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(("filename"), [("foo-1.0.xz"), ("foo1.0.tar.gz")])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("filename"),
+    [
+        ("foo-1.0.xz"),  # Incorrect extension
+        ("foo1.0.tar.gz"),  # Missing separator
+        ("foo-1.x.tar.gz"),  # Invalid version
+    ],
+)
 def test_parse_sdist_invalid_filename(filename):
     with pytest.raises(InvalidSdistFilename):
         parse_sdist_filename(filename)