diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index 60231468bdf..5bcd623da86 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 
 <!-- Changes that affect Black's stable style -->
 
+- Fix crash on formatting code like `await (a ** b)` (#3994)
+
 ### Preview style
 
 - Multiline dictionaries and lists that are the sole argument to a function are now
diff --git a/src/black/linegen.py b/src/black/linegen.py
index 5f5a69152d5..18d85a2c216 100644
--- a/src/black/linegen.py
+++ b/src/black/linegen.py
@@ -1350,18 +1350,16 @@ def remove_await_parens(node: Node) -> None:
             opening_bracket = cast(Leaf, node.children[1].children[0])
             closing_bracket = cast(Leaf, node.children[1].children[-1])
             bracket_contents = node.children[1].children[1]
-            if isinstance(bracket_contents, Node):
-                if bracket_contents.type != syms.power:
-                    ensure_visible(opening_bracket)
-                    ensure_visible(closing_bracket)
-                elif (
-                    bracket_contents.type == syms.power
-                    and bracket_contents.children[0].type == token.AWAIT
-                ):
-                    ensure_visible(opening_bracket)
-                    ensure_visible(closing_bracket)
-                    # If we are in a nested await then recurse down.
-                    remove_await_parens(bracket_contents)
+            if isinstance(bracket_contents, Node) and (
+                bracket_contents.type != syms.power
+                or bracket_contents.children[0].type == token.AWAIT
+                or any(
+                    isinstance(child, Leaf) and child.type == token.DOUBLESTAR
+                    for child in bracket_contents.children
+                )
+            ):
+                ensure_visible(opening_bracket)
+                ensure_visible(closing_bracket)
 
 
 def _maybe_wrap_cms_in_parens(
diff --git a/tests/data/cases/remove_await_parens.py b/tests/data/cases/remove_await_parens.py
index 8c7223d2f39..073150c5f08 100644
--- a/tests/data/cases/remove_await_parens.py
+++ b/tests/data/cases/remove_await_parens.py
@@ -80,6 +80,15 @@ async def main():
 async def main():
     await (yield)
 
+async def main():
+    await (a ** b)
+    await (a[b] ** c)
+    await (a ** b[c])
+    await ((a + b) ** (c + d))
+    await (a + b)
+    await (a[b])
+    await (a[b ** c])
+
 # output
 import asyncio
 
@@ -174,3 +183,13 @@ async def main():
 
 async def main():
     await (yield)
+
+
+async def main():
+    await (a**b)
+    await (a[b] ** c)
+    await (a ** b[c])
+    await ((a + b) ** (c + d))
+    await (a + b)
+    await a[b]
+    await a[b**c]