deps(docker): Upgrade to the latest stable Go version 1.24.0

See [1].

[1]: https://go.dev/doc/go1.24

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Schuberth <sebastian@doubleopen.org>

Author: sschuberth

docker/versions.dockerfile

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ ARG COMPOSER_VERSION=2.8.4
 ARG CONAN_VERSION=1.66.0
 ARG DART_VERSION=2.18.4
 ARG DOTNET_VERSION=6.0
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.23.5
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.24.0
 ARG HASKELL_STACK_VERSION=2.13.1
 ARG JAVA_VERSION=21
 ARG LICENSEE_VERSION=9.18.0