diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 3d64910dac2..7d8df3e9b04 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ The next release will require at least [Go 1.21].
 ### Fixed
 
 - Fix registration of multiple callbacks when using the global meter provider from `go.opentelemetry.io/otel`. (#4945)
+- Fix negative buckets in output of exponential histograms. (#4956)
 
 ## [1.23.1] 2024-02-07
 
diff --git a/sdk/metric/internal/aggregate/exponential_histogram.go b/sdk/metric/internal/aggregate/exponential_histogram.go
index 660b86071ae..4139a6d1560 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/internal/aggregate/exponential_histogram.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/internal/aggregate/exponential_histogram.go
@@ -375,6 +375,7 @@ func (e *expoHistogram[N]) delta(dest *metricdata.Aggregation) int {
 
 		hDPts[i].NegativeBucket.Offset = int32(b.negBuckets.startBin)
 		hDPts[i].NegativeBucket.Counts = reset(hDPts[i].NegativeBucket.Counts, len(b.negBuckets.counts), len(b.negBuckets.counts))
+		copy(hDPts[i].NegativeBucket.Counts, b.negBuckets.counts)
 
 		if !e.noSum {
 			hDPts[i].Sum = b.sum
@@ -425,6 +426,7 @@ func (e *expoHistogram[N]) cumulative(dest *metricdata.Aggregation) int {
 
 		hDPts[i].NegativeBucket.Offset = int32(b.negBuckets.startBin)
 		hDPts[i].NegativeBucket.Counts = reset(hDPts[i].NegativeBucket.Counts, len(b.negBuckets.counts), len(b.negBuckets.counts))
+		copy(hDPts[i].NegativeBucket.Counts, b.negBuckets.counts)
 
 		if !e.noSum {
 			hDPts[i].Sum = b.sum
diff --git a/sdk/metric/internal/aggregate/exponential_histogram_test.go b/sdk/metric/internal/aggregate/exponential_histogram_test.go
index 3fed4897ee2..4773ee79845 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/internal/aggregate/exponential_histogram_test.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/internal/aggregate/exponential_histogram_test.go
@@ -771,6 +771,7 @@ func testDeltaExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 				{ctx, 2, alice},
 				{ctx, 16, alice},
 				{ctx, 1, alice},
+				{ctx, -1, alice},
 			},
 			expect: output{
 				n: 1,
@@ -781,15 +782,19 @@ func testDeltaExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 							Attributes: fltrAlice,
 							StartTime:  staticTime,
 							Time:       staticTime,
-							Count:      6,
-							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](1),
+							Count:      7,
+							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](-1),
 							Max:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](16),
-							Sum:        31,
+							Sum:        30,
 							Scale:      -1,
 							PositiveBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
 								Offset: -1,
 								Counts: []uint64{1, 4, 1},
 							},
+							NegativeBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
+								Offset: -1,
+								Counts: []uint64{1},
+							},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -821,6 +826,7 @@ func testDeltaExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 				{ctx, 2, carol},
 				{ctx, 16, carol},
 				{ctx, 1, dave},
+				{ctx, -1, alice},
 			},
 			expect: output{
 				n: 2,
@@ -831,15 +837,19 @@ func testDeltaExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 							Attributes: fltrAlice,
 							StartTime:  staticTime,
 							Time:       staticTime,
-							Count:      6,
-							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](1),
+							Count:      7,
+							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](-1),
 							Max:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](16),
-							Sum:        31,
+							Sum:        30,
 							Scale:      -1,
 							PositiveBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
 								Offset: -1,
 								Counts: []uint64{1, 4, 1},
 							},
+							NegativeBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
+								Offset: -1,
+								Counts: []uint64{1},
+							},
 						},
 						{
 							Attributes: overflowSet,
@@ -888,6 +898,7 @@ func testCumulativeExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 				{ctx, 2, alice},
 				{ctx, 16, alice},
 				{ctx, 1, alice},
+				{ctx, -1, alice},
 			},
 			expect: output{
 				n: 1,
@@ -898,15 +909,19 @@ func testCumulativeExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 							Attributes: fltrAlice,
 							StartTime:  staticTime,
 							Time:       staticTime,
-							Count:      6,
-							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](1),
+							Count:      7,
+							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](-1),
 							Max:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](16),
-							Sum:        31,
+							Sum:        30,
 							Scale:      -1,
 							PositiveBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
 								Offset: -1,
 								Counts: []uint64{1, 4, 1},
 							},
+							NegativeBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
+								Offset: -1,
+								Counts: []uint64{1},
+							},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -927,15 +942,19 @@ func testCumulativeExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 							Attributes: fltrAlice,
 							StartTime:  staticTime,
 							Time:       staticTime,
-							Count:      9,
-							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](1),
+							Count:      10,
+							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](-1),
 							Max:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](16),
-							Sum:        44,
+							Sum:        43,
 							Scale:      -1,
 							PositiveBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
 								Offset: -1,
 								Counts: []uint64{1, 6, 2},
 							},
+							NegativeBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
+								Offset: -1,
+								Counts: []uint64{1},
+							},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -952,15 +971,19 @@ func testCumulativeExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 							Attributes: fltrAlice,
 							StartTime:  staticTime,
 							Time:       staticTime,
-							Count:      9,
-							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](1),
+							Count:      10,
+							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](-1),
 							Max:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](16),
-							Sum:        44,
+							Sum:        43,
 							Scale:      -1,
 							PositiveBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
 								Offset: -1,
 								Counts: []uint64{1, 6, 2},
 							},
+							NegativeBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
+								Offset: -1,
+								Counts: []uint64{1},
+							},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -985,15 +1008,19 @@ func testCumulativeExpoHist[N int64 | float64]() func(t *testing.T) {
 							Attributes: fltrAlice,
 							StartTime:  staticTime,
 							Time:       staticTime,
-							Count:      9,
-							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](1),
+							Count:      10,
+							Min:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](-1),
 							Max:        metricdata.NewExtrema[N](16),
-							Sum:        44,
+							Sum:        43,
 							Scale:      -1,
 							PositiveBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
 								Offset: -1,
 								Counts: []uint64{1, 6, 2},
 							},
+							NegativeBucket: metricdata.ExponentialBucket{
+								Offset: -1,
+								Counts: []uint64{1},
+							},
 						},
 						{
 							Attributes: overflowSet,