crypto: clear OpenSSL error queue after calling X509_verify()

Prior to this commit, functions accessing the OpenSSL error queue did
not work properly after x509.verify() returned false.

Backport-PR-URL: nodejs-private/node-private#375
CVE-ID: CVE-2023-23919
PR-URL: #45377
Refs: https://hackerone.com/bugs?subject=nodejs&report_id=1808596
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Filip Skokan <panva.ip@gmail.com>

Author: takuro-sato

src/crypto/crypto_x509.cc

@@ -468,6 +468,8 @@ void X509Certificate::Verify(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args[0]);
   CHECK_EQ(key->Data()->GetKeyType(), kKeyTypePublic);
 
+  ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;
+
   args.GetReturnValue().Set(
       X509_verify(
           cert->get(),

test/parallel/test-crypto-x509.js

@@ -187,6 +187,11 @@ const der = Buffer.from(
     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE'
   });
 
+  // Confirm failure of X509Certificate:verify() doesn't affect other functions that use OpenSSL.
+  assert(!x509.verify(x509.publicKey));
+  // This call should not throw.
+  createPrivateKey(key);
+
   // X509Certificate can be cloned via MessageChannel/MessagePort
   const mc = new MessageChannel();
   mc.port1.onmessage = common.mustCall(({ data }) => {