diff --git a/encoding/encoding.go b/encoding/encoding.go
index 711763d54fb..07a5861352a 100644
--- a/encoding/encoding.go
+++ b/encoding/encoding.go
@@ -75,7 +75,9 @@ var registeredCompressor = make(map[string]Compressor)
 // registered with the same name, the one registered last will take effect.
 func RegisterCompressor(c Compressor) {
 	registeredCompressor[c.Name()] = c
-	grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames = append(grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames, c.Name())
+	if !grpcutil.IsCompressorNameRegistered(c.Name()) {
+		grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames = append(grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames, c.Name())
+	}
 }
 
 // GetCompressor returns Compressor for the given compressor name.
diff --git a/encoding/encoding_test.go b/encoding/encoding_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38c31dcdddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/encoding/encoding_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2023 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package encoding
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/internal/grpcutil"
+)
+
+type mockNamedCompressor struct {
+	Compressor
+}
+
+func (mockNamedCompressor) Name() string {
+	return "mock-compressor"
+}
+
+func TestDuplicateCompressorRegister(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func(m map[string]Compressor) { registeredCompressor = m }(registeredCompressor)
+	defer func(c []string) { grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames = c }(grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames)
+	registeredCompressor = map[string]Compressor{}
+	grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames = []string{}
+
+	RegisterCompressor(&mockNamedCompressor{})
+
+	// Register another instance of the same compressor.
+	mc := &mockNamedCompressor{}
+	RegisterCompressor(mc)
+	if got := registeredCompressor["mock-compressor"]; got != mc {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected compressor, got: %+v, want:%+v", got, mc)
+	}
+
+	wantNames := []string{"mock-compressor"}
+	if !cmp.Equal(wantNames, grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames) {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected compressor names, got: %+v, want:%+v", grpcutil.RegisteredCompressorNames, wantNames)
+	}
+}