[3.5] dependency: bump google protobuf to 1.33.0

[ivanvc]

Addresses CVE-2024-24786 in the release-3.5 branch by bumping google.golang.org/protobuf from miscellaneous versions to v1.33.0.

Part of #17551

Please read https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#contribution-flow.

[k8s-ci-robot]

Hi @ivanvc. Thanks for your PR.

I'm waiting for a etcd-io member to verify that this patch is reasonable to test. If it is, they should reply with /ok-to-test on its own line. Until that is done, I will not automatically test new commits in this PR, but the usual testing commands by org members will still work. Regular contributors should join the org to skip this step.

Once the patch is verified, the new status will be reflected by the ok-to-test label.

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[jmhbnz]

LGTM - Thanks @ivanvc

[ahrtr]

lgtm

Thank you!