Update protocol buffers library

[amotl]

The Golang implementation of protocol buffers has advanced from [1] to [2].

This project is the second major revision of the Go protocol buffer API implemented by the google.golang.org/protobuf module. The first major version is implemented by the github.com/golang/protobuf module.

Currently, when running go get -u -t, it croaks like:

go: module github.com/golang/protobuf is deprecated: Use the "google.golang.org/protobuf" module instead.

[1] https://github.com/golang/protobuf
[2] https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go

[amotl]

I think this is the corresponding patch to github.com/prometheus/common.

• Replace deprecated github.com/golang/protobuf package prometheus/common#427

[amotl]

This improvement concluded on May 4, 2023. We may want to think about following that update procedure.

• Consider moving to google.golang.org/protobuf/proto prometheus/common#317
• Replace deprecated github.com/golang/protobuf package prometheus/common#427
• Update Go modules prometheus/common#479

[amotl]

Updating protocol buffers happened with GH-86.