diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
index 11c29680d79e7..843bd1f3ad83e 100644
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ indent_style = space
 insert_final_newline = true
 indent_size = 2
 
-[*.{rs,py}]
+[*.{rs,py,pyi}]
 indent_size = 4
 
 [*.snap]
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/module_dangling_comment1.py b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/module_dangling_comment1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5b52d9b5c51b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/module_dangling_comment1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+__all__ = ["X", "XK", "Xatom", "Xcursorfont", "Xutil", "display", "error", "rdb"]
+
+# Shared types throughout the stub
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/module_dangling_comment2.py b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/module_dangling_comment2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..15d2886e54072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/module_dangling_comment2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+__all__ = ["X", "XK", "Xatom", "Xcursorfont", "Xutil", "display", "error", "rdb"]
+# Shared types throughout the stub
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/comments.pyi b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/comments.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fe1713355a7f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/comments.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class SupportsAnext:
+    def __anext__(self): ...
+
+# Comparison protocols
+
+class SupportsDunderLT:
+    def __init__(self): ...
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/nesting.pyi b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/nesting.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8fe78c4e5c726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/nesting.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""Tests specifically for https://github.com/psf/black/issues/3861"""
+
+import sys
+
+
+class OuterClassOrOtherSuite:
+    class Nested11:
+        class Nested12:
+            assignment = 1
+            def function_definition(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self) -> str: ...
+
+    class Nested21:
+        class Nested22:
+            def function_definition(self): ...
+            assignment = 1
+
+    def f2(self) -> str: ...
+
+if sys.version_info > (3, 7):
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        assignment = 1
+        def function_definition(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self) -> str: ...
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        def function_definition(self): ...
+        assignment = 1
+
+    def f2(self) -> str: ...
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/suite.pyi b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/suite.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c14b239354cb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/suite.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+"""Tests for empty line rules in stub files, mostly inspired by typeshed.
+The rules are a list of nested exceptions. See also
+https://github.com/psf/black/blob/c160e4b7ce30c661ac4f2dfa5038becf1b8c5c33/src/black/lines.py#L576-L744
+"""
+
+import sys
+from typing import Self, TypeAlias, final
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+
+    class InnerClass2:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+    details: int
+    def f1(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details: int
+    def f2(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    @final
+    class DecoratorInsteadOfEmptyLine: ...
+
+    def open(device: str) -> None: ...
+
+    # oss_mixer_device return type
+    def openmixer(device: str = ...) -> None: ...
+    def open2(device: str) -> None: ...
+    # oss_mixer_device2 return type
+    def openmixer2(device: str = ...) -> None: ...
+
+else:
+    class Slice1: ...
+    _Slice1: TypeAlias = Slice1
+
+    class Slice2: ...
+    _Slice2: TypeAlias = Slice2
+
+class NoEmptyLinesBetweenFunctions:
+    def multi_line_but_only_ellipsis(
+        self,
+        mandatory_release: float | None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def only_ellipsis1(self) -> float: ...
+    def only_ellipsis2(self) -> float | None: ...
+    def has_impl1(self):
+        print(self)
+        return 1
+
+    def has_impl2(self):
+        print(self)
+        return 2
+
+    def no_impl4(self): ...
+
+class NoEmptyLinesBetweenField:
+    field1: int
+    field2: (
+        # type
+        int
+    )
+    field3 = 3
+    field4 = (
+        1,
+        2,
+    )
+    field5 = 5
+
+class FieldAndFunctionsWithOptionalEmptyLines:
+    details1: int
+    def f1(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details2: int
+    def f2(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details3: int
+
+class NewlinesBetweenStubInnerClasses:
+    def f1(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+    class InnerClass2: ...
+
+    def f2(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3: ...
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+    field = 1
+
+    class InnerClass3: ...
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+
+    def f3(self): ...
+    @final
+    class DecoratorInsteadOfEmptyLine: ...
+
+    @final
+    class DecoratorStillEmptyLine: ...
+
+class NewlinesBetweenInnerClasses:
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+
+    class InnerClass2:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+
+    class InnerClass5:
+        def a(self): ...
+    field1 = 1
+
+    class InnerClass6:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass7:
+        def a(self): ...
+    print("hi")
+
+    class InnerClass8:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+class ComplexStatements:
+    # didn't match the name in the C implementation,
+    # meaning it is only *safe* to pass it as a keyword argument on 3.12+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        @classmethod
+        def fromtimestamp(cls, timestamp: float, tz: float | None = ...) -> Self: ...
+    else:
+        @classmethod
+        def fromtimestamp(cls, __timestamp: float, tz: float | None = ...) -> Self: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcfromtimestamp(cls, __t: float) -> Self: ...
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        @classmethod
+        def now(cls, tz: float | None = None) -> Self: ...
+    else:
+        @classmethod
+        def now(cls, tz: None = None) -> Self: ...
+        @classmethod
+        def now2(cls, tz: float) -> Self: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcnow(cls) -> Self: ...
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/top_level.pyi b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/top_level.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fe08563fffc60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/top_level.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from typing import final
+
+
+def count1(): ...
+def count2(): ...
+@final
+def count3(): ...
+@final
+class LockType1: ...
+
+def count4(): ...
+
+class LockType2: ...
+class LockType3: ...
+
+@final
+class LockType4: ...
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/comments/format.rs b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/comments/format.rs
index a48eb8898b48b..08a97713ea5e8 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/comments/format.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/comments/format.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use ruff_formatter::{format_args, write, FormatError, FormatOptions, SourceCode};
 use ruff_python_ast::node::{AnyNodeRef, AstNode};
+use ruff_python_ast::PySourceType;
 use ruff_python_trivia::{lines_after, lines_after_ignoring_trivia, lines_before};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextLen, TextRange};
 
@@ -485,11 +486,22 @@ fn strip_comment_prefix(comment_text: &str) -> FormatResult<&str> {
 ///
 /// This builder will insert two empty lines before the comment.
 /// ```
-pub(crate) const fn empty_lines_before_trailing_comments(
-    comments: &[SourceComment],
-    expected: u32,
-) -> FormatEmptyLinesBeforeTrailingComments {
-    FormatEmptyLinesBeforeTrailingComments { comments, expected }
+pub(crate) fn empty_lines_before_trailing_comments<'a>(
+    f: &PyFormatter,
+    comments: &'a [SourceComment],
+) -> FormatEmptyLinesBeforeTrailingComments<'a> {
+    // Black has different rules for stub vs. non-stub and top level vs. indented
+    let empty_lines = match (f.options().source_type(), f.context().node_level()) {
+        (PySourceType::Stub, NodeLevel::TopLevel) => 1,
+        (PySourceType::Stub, _) => 0,
+        (_, NodeLevel::TopLevel) => 2,
+        (_, _) => 1,
+    };
+
+    FormatEmptyLinesBeforeTrailingComments {
+        comments,
+        empty_lines,
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -497,7 +509,7 @@ pub(crate) struct FormatEmptyLinesBeforeTrailingComments<'a> {
     /// The trailing comments of the node.
     comments: &'a [SourceComment],
     /// The expected number of empty lines before the trailing comments.
-    expected: u32,
+    empty_lines: u32,
 }
 
 impl Format<PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatEmptyLinesBeforeTrailingComments<'_> {
@@ -508,7 +520,7 @@ impl Format<PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatEmptyLinesBeforeTrailingComments<'_>
             .find(|comment| comment.line_position().is_own_line())
         {
             let actual = lines_before(comment.start(), f.context().source()).saturating_sub(1);
-            for _ in actual..self.expected {
+            for _ in actual..self.empty_lines {
                 write!(f, [empty_line()])?;
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/module/mod_module.rs b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/module/mod_module.rs
index 145ad8a61bd44..54b1dbd51d464 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/module/mod_module.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/module/mod_module.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use ruff_formatter::prelude::hard_line_break;
-use ruff_formatter::write;
+use ruff_formatter::{Buffer, FormatResult};
 use ruff_python_ast::ModModule;
 
-use crate::prelude::*;
+use crate::comments::{trailing_comments, SourceComment};
 use crate::statement::suite::SuiteKind;
+use crate::{write, AsFormat, FormatNodeRule, PyFormatter};
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct FormatModModule;
@@ -11,13 +12,25 @@ pub struct FormatModModule;
 impl FormatNodeRule<ModModule> for FormatModModule {
     fn fmt_fields(&self, item: &ModModule, f: &mut PyFormatter) -> FormatResult<()> {
         let ModModule { range: _, body } = item;
+        let comments = f.context().comments().clone();
+
         write!(
             f,
             [
                 body.format().with_options(SuiteKind::TopLevel),
+                trailing_comments(comments.dangling(item)),
                 // Trailing newline at the end of the file
                 hard_line_break()
             ]
         )
     }
+
+    fn fmt_dangling_comments(
+        &self,
+        _dangling_comments: &[SourceComment],
+        _f: &mut PyFormatter,
+    ) -> FormatResult<()> {
+        // Handled as part of `fmt_fields`
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_class_def.rs b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_class_def.rs
index fa27970b9056d..231320eac75f4 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_class_def.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_class_def.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::comments::format::empty_lines_before_trailing_comments;
 use crate::comments::{leading_comments, trailing_comments, SourceComment};
-use crate::context::NodeLevel;
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use crate::statement::clause::{clause_body, clause_header, ClauseHeader};
 use crate::statement::suite::SuiteKind;
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ impl FormatNodeRule<StmtClassDef> for FormatStmtClassDef {
         // # comment
         // ```
         //
-        // At the top-level, reformat as:
+        // At the top-level in a non-stub file, reformat as:
         // ```python
         // class Class:
         //     ...
@@ -128,15 +127,7 @@ impl FormatNodeRule<StmtClassDef> for FormatStmtClassDef {
         //
         // # comment
         // ```
-        empty_lines_before_trailing_comments(
-            comments.trailing(item),
-            if f.context().node_level() == NodeLevel::TopLevel {
-                2
-            } else {
-                1
-            },
-        )
-        .fmt(f)
+        empty_lines_before_trailing_comments(f, comments.trailing(item)).fmt(f)
     }
 
     fn fmt_dangling_comments(
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_function_def.rs b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_function_def.rs
index 0a7a462282c95..df4875cddde35 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_function_def.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_function_def.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use ruff_python_trivia::{SimpleTokenKind, SimpleTokenizer};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::comments::SourceComment;
-use crate::context::NodeLevel;
 use crate::expression::maybe_parenthesize_expression;
 use crate::expression::parentheses::{Parentheses, Parenthesize};
 use crate::prelude::*;
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ impl FormatNodeRule<StmtFunctionDef> for FormatStmtFunctionDef {
         // # comment
         // ```
         //
-        // At the top-level, reformat as:
+        // At the top-level in a non-stub file, reformat as:
         // ```python
         // def func():
         //     ...
@@ -164,15 +163,7 @@ impl FormatNodeRule<StmtFunctionDef> for FormatStmtFunctionDef {
         //
         // # comment
         // ```
-        empty_lines_before_trailing_comments(
-            comments.trailing(item),
-            if f.context().node_level() == NodeLevel::TopLevel {
-                2
-            } else {
-                1
-            },
-        )
-        .fmt(f)
+        empty_lines_before_trailing_comments(f, comments.trailing(item)).fmt(f)
     }
 
     fn fmt_dangling_comments(
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/suite.rs b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/suite.rs
index de5ab8e4dadc2..8ae33eebb39c9 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/suite.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/suite.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Constant, Expr, ExprConstant, Stmt, Suite};
 use ruff_python_trivia::{lines_after, lines_after_ignoring_trivia, lines_before};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
 
-use crate::comments::{leading_comments, trailing_comments, Comments};
+use crate::comments::{
+    leading_comments, trailing_comments, Comments, LeadingDanglingTrailingComments,
+};
 use crate::context::{NodeLevel, WithNodeLevel};
 use crate::expression::expr_constant::ExprConstantLayout;
 use crate::expression::string::StringLayout;
@@ -69,7 +71,10 @@ impl FormatRule<Suite, PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatSuite {
         // Format the first statement in the body, which often has special formatting rules.
         let first = match self.kind {
             SuiteKind::Other => {
-                if is_class_or_function_definition(first) && !comments.has_leading(first) {
+                if is_class_or_function_definition(first)
+                    && !comments.has_leading(first)
+                    && !source_type.is_stub()
+                {
                     // Add an empty line for any nested functions or classes defined within
                     // non-function or class compound statements, e.g., this is stable formatting:
                     // ```python
@@ -94,7 +99,10 @@ impl FormatRule<Suite, PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatSuite {
 
             SuiteKind::Class => {
                 if let Some(docstring) = DocstringStmt::try_from_statement(first) {
-                    if !comments.has_leading(first) && lines_before(first.start(), source) > 1 {
+                    if !comments.has_leading(first)
+                        && lines_before(first.start(), source) > 1
+                        && !source_type.is_stub()
+                    {
                         // Allow up to one empty line before a class docstring, e.g., this is
                         // stable formatting:
                         // ```python
@@ -154,50 +162,24 @@ impl FormatRule<Suite, PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatSuite {
                 && !preceding_comments.has_trailing_own_line())
                 || is_class_or_function_definition(following)
             {
-                match self.kind {
-                    SuiteKind::TopLevel if source_type.is_stub() => {
-                        // Preserve the empty line if the definitions are separated by a comment
-                        if preceding_comments.has_trailing() || following_comments.has_leading() {
+                if source_type.is_stub() {
+                    stub_file_empty_lines(
+                        self.kind,
+                        preceding,
+                        following,
+                        &preceding_comments,
+                        &following_comments,
+                        f,
+                    )?;
+                } else {
+                    match self.kind {
+                        SuiteKind::TopLevel => {
+                            write!(f, [empty_line(), empty_line()])?;
+                        }
+                        SuiteKind::Function | SuiteKind::Class | SuiteKind::Other => {
                             empty_line().fmt(f)?;
-                        } else {
-                            // Two subsequent classes that both have an ellipsis only body
-                            // ```python
-                            // class A: ...
-                            // class B: ...
-                            // ```
-                            let class_sequences_with_ellipsis_only =
-                                preceding.as_class_def_stmt().is_some_and(|class| {
-                                    contains_only_an_ellipsis(&class.body, f.context().comments())
-                                }) && following.as_class_def_stmt().is_some_and(|class| {
-                                    contains_only_an_ellipsis(&class.body, f.context().comments())
-                                });
-
-                            // Two subsequent functions where the preceding has an ellipsis only body
-                            // ```python
-                            // def test(): ...
-                            // def b(): a
-                            // ```
-                            let function_with_ellipsis =
-                                preceding.as_function_def_stmt().is_some_and(|function| {
-                                    contains_only_an_ellipsis(
-                                        &function.body,
-                                        f.context().comments(),
-                                    )
-                                }) && following.is_function_def_stmt();
-
-                            // Don't add an empty line between two classes that have an `...` body only or after
-                            // a function with an `...` body. Otherwise add an empty line.
-                            if !class_sequences_with_ellipsis_only && !function_with_ellipsis {
-                                empty_line().fmt(f)?;
-                            }
                         }
                     }
-                    SuiteKind::TopLevel => {
-                        write!(f, [empty_line(), empty_line()])?;
-                    }
-                    SuiteKind::Function | SuiteKind::Class | SuiteKind::Other => {
-                        empty_line().fmt(f)?;
-                    }
                 }
             } else if is_import_definition(preceding)
                 && (!is_import_definition(following) || following_comments.has_leading())
@@ -345,6 +327,89 @@ impl FormatRule<Suite, PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatSuite {
     }
 }
 
+/// Stub files have bespoke rules for empty lines.
+///
+/// These rules are ported from black (preview mode at time of writing) using the stubs test case:
+/// <https://github.com/psf/black/blob/c160e4b7ce30c661ac4f2dfa5038becf1b8c5c33/src/black/lines.py#L576-L744>
+fn stub_file_empty_lines(
+    kind: SuiteKind,
+    preceding: &Stmt,
+    following: &Stmt,
+    preceding_comments: &LeadingDanglingTrailingComments,
+    following_comments: &LeadingDanglingTrailingComments,
+    f: &mut PyFormatter,
+) -> FormatResult<()> {
+    let source = f.context().source();
+    // Preserve the empty line if the definitions are separated by a comment
+    let empty_line_condition = preceding_comments.has_trailing()
+        || following_comments.has_leading()
+        || !stub_suite_can_omit_empty_line(preceding, following, f);
+    match kind {
+        SuiteKind::TopLevel => {
+            if empty_line_condition {
+                empty_line().fmt(f)
+            } else {
+                hard_line_break().fmt(f)
+            }
+        }
+        SuiteKind::Class | SuiteKind::Other | SuiteKind::Function => {
+            if empty_line_condition && lines_after_ignoring_trivia(preceding.end(), source) > 1 {
+                empty_line().fmt(f)
+            } else {
+                hard_line_break().fmt(f)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Only a function to compute it lazily
+fn stub_suite_can_omit_empty_line(preceding: &Stmt, following: &Stmt, f: &PyFormatter) -> bool {
+    // Two subsequent class definitions that both have an ellipsis only body
+    // ```python
+    // class A: ...
+    // class B: ...
+    //
+    // @decorator
+    // class C: ...
+    // ```
+    let class_sequences_with_ellipsis_only = preceding
+        .as_class_def_stmt()
+        .is_some_and(|class| contains_only_an_ellipsis(&class.body, f.context().comments()))
+        && following.as_class_def_stmt().is_some_and(|class| {
+            contains_only_an_ellipsis(&class.body, f.context().comments())
+                && class.decorator_list.is_empty()
+        });
+
+    // Black for some reasons accepts decorators in place of empty lines
+    // ```python
+    // def _count1(): ...
+    // @final
+    // class LockType1: ...
+    //
+    // def _count2(): ...
+    //
+    // class LockType2: ...
+    // ```
+    let class_decorator_instead_of_empty_line = preceding.is_function_def_stmt()
+        && following
+            .as_class_def_stmt()
+            .is_some_and(|class| !class.decorator_list.is_empty());
+
+    // A function definition following a stub function definition
+    // ```python
+    // def test(): ...
+    // def b(): a
+    // ```
+    let function_with_ellipsis = preceding
+        .as_function_def_stmt()
+        .is_some_and(|function| contains_only_an_ellipsis(&function.body, f.context().comments()))
+        && following.is_function_def_stmt();
+
+    class_sequences_with_ellipsis_only
+        || class_decorator_instead_of_empty_line
+        || function_with_ellipsis
+}
+
 /// Returns `true` if a function or class body contains only an ellipsis with no comments.
 pub(crate) fn contains_only_an_ellipsis(body: &[Stmt], comments: &Comments) -> bool {
     match body {
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@module_dangling_comment1.py.snap b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@module_dangling_comment1.py.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eb28317e4a977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@module_dangling_comment1.py.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/fixtures.rs
+input_file: crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/module_dangling_comment1.py
+---
+## Input
+```py
+__all__ = ["X", "XK", "Xatom", "Xcursorfont", "Xutil", "display", "error", "rdb"]
+
+# Shared types throughout the stub
+```
+
+## Output
+```py
+__all__ = ["X", "XK", "Xatom", "Xcursorfont", "Xutil", "display", "error", "rdb"]
+
+# Shared types throughout the stub
+```
+
+
+
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@module_dangling_comment2.py.snap b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@module_dangling_comment2.py.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c419b524cadf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@module_dangling_comment2.py.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/fixtures.rs
+input_file: crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/module_dangling_comment2.py
+---
+## Input
+```py
+__all__ = ["X", "XK", "Xatom", "Xcursorfont", "Xutil", "display", "error", "rdb"]
+# Shared types throughout the stub
+```
+
+## Output
+```py
+__all__ = ["X", "XK", "Xatom", "Xcursorfont", "Xutil", "display", "error", "rdb"]
+# Shared types throughout the stub
+```
+
+
+
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__comments.pyi.snap b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__comments.pyi.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..beb8e4a11eaae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__comments.pyi.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/fixtures.rs
+input_file: crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/comments.pyi
+---
+## Input
+```py
+class SupportsAnext:
+    def __anext__(self): ...
+
+# Comparison protocols
+
+class SupportsDunderLT:
+    def __init__(self): ...
+```
+
+## Output
+```py
+class SupportsAnext:
+    def __anext__(self): ...
+
+# Comparison protocols
+
+class SupportsDunderLT:
+    def __init__(self): ...
+```
+
+
+
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__nesting.pyi.snap b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__nesting.pyi.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ba86351d1ad5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__nesting.pyi.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/fixtures.rs
+input_file: crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/nesting.pyi
+---
+## Input
+```py
+"""Tests specifically for https://github.com/psf/black/issues/3861"""
+
+import sys
+
+
+class OuterClassOrOtherSuite:
+    class Nested11:
+        class Nested12:
+            assignment = 1
+            def function_definition(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self) -> str: ...
+
+    class Nested21:
+        class Nested22:
+            def function_definition(self): ...
+            assignment = 1
+
+    def f2(self) -> str: ...
+
+if sys.version_info > (3, 7):
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        assignment = 1
+        def function_definition(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self) -> str: ...
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        def function_definition(self): ...
+        assignment = 1
+
+    def f2(self) -> str: ...
+```
+
+## Output
+```py
+"""Tests specifically for https://github.com/psf/black/issues/3861"""
+
+import sys
+
+class OuterClassOrOtherSuite:
+    class Nested11:
+        class Nested12:
+            assignment = 1
+            def function_definition(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self) -> str: ...
+
+    class Nested21:
+        class Nested22:
+            def function_definition(self): ...
+            assignment = 1
+
+    def f2(self) -> str: ...
+
+if sys.version_info > (3, 7):
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        assignment = 1
+        def function_definition(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self) -> str: ...
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        def function_definition(self): ...
+        assignment = 1
+
+    def f2(self) -> str: ...
+```
+
+
+
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__suite.pyi.snap b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__suite.pyi.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cf4b0523c03c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__suite.pyi.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/fixtures.rs
+input_file: crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/suite.pyi
+---
+## Input
+```py
+"""Tests for empty line rules in stub files, mostly inspired by typeshed.
+The rules are a list of nested exceptions. See also
+https://github.com/psf/black/blob/c160e4b7ce30c661ac4f2dfa5038becf1b8c5c33/src/black/lines.py#L576-L744
+"""
+
+import sys
+from typing import Self, TypeAlias, final
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+
+    class InnerClass2:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+    details: int
+    def f1(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details: int
+    def f2(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    @final
+    class DecoratorInsteadOfEmptyLine: ...
+
+    def open(device: str) -> None: ...
+
+    # oss_mixer_device return type
+    def openmixer(device: str = ...) -> None: ...
+    def open2(device: str) -> None: ...
+    # oss_mixer_device2 return type
+    def openmixer2(device: str = ...) -> None: ...
+
+else:
+    class Slice1: ...
+    _Slice1: TypeAlias = Slice1
+
+    class Slice2: ...
+    _Slice2: TypeAlias = Slice2
+
+class NoEmptyLinesBetweenFunctions:
+    def multi_line_but_only_ellipsis(
+        self,
+        mandatory_release: float | None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def only_ellipsis1(self) -> float: ...
+    def only_ellipsis2(self) -> float | None: ...
+    def has_impl1(self):
+        print(self)
+        return 1
+
+    def has_impl2(self):
+        print(self)
+        return 2
+
+    def no_impl4(self): ...
+
+class NoEmptyLinesBetweenField:
+    field1: int
+    field2: (
+        # type
+        int
+    )
+    field3 = 3
+    field4 = (
+        1,
+        2,
+    )
+    field5 = 5
+
+class FieldAndFunctionsWithOptionalEmptyLines:
+    details1: int
+    def f1(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details2: int
+    def f2(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details3: int
+
+class NewlinesBetweenStubInnerClasses:
+    def f1(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+    class InnerClass2: ...
+
+    def f2(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3: ...
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+    field = 1
+
+    class InnerClass3: ...
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+
+    def f3(self): ...
+    @final
+    class DecoratorInsteadOfEmptyLine: ...
+
+    @final
+    class DecoratorStillEmptyLine: ...
+
+class NewlinesBetweenInnerClasses:
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+
+    class InnerClass2:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+
+    class InnerClass5:
+        def a(self): ...
+    field1 = 1
+
+    class InnerClass6:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass7:
+        def a(self): ...
+    print("hi")
+
+    class InnerClass8:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+class ComplexStatements:
+    # didn't match the name in the C implementation,
+    # meaning it is only *safe* to pass it as a keyword argument on 3.12+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        @classmethod
+        def fromtimestamp(cls, timestamp: float, tz: float | None = ...) -> Self: ...
+    else:
+        @classmethod
+        def fromtimestamp(cls, __timestamp: float, tz: float | None = ...) -> Self: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcfromtimestamp(cls, __t: float) -> Self: ...
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        @classmethod
+        def now(cls, tz: float | None = None) -> Self: ...
+    else:
+        @classmethod
+        def now(cls, tz: None = None) -> Self: ...
+        @classmethod
+        def now2(cls, tz: float) -> Self: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcnow(cls) -> Self: ...
+```
+
+## Output
+```py
+"""Tests for empty line rules in stub files, mostly inspired by typeshed.
+The rules are a list of nested exceptions. See also
+https://github.com/psf/black/blob/c160e4b7ce30c661ac4f2dfa5038becf1b8c5c33/src/black/lines.py#L576-L744
+"""
+
+import sys
+from typing import Self, TypeAlias, final
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+
+    class InnerClass2:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+    details: int
+    def f1(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details: int
+    def f2(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    @final
+    class DecoratorInsteadOfEmptyLine: ...
+
+    def open(device: str) -> None: ...
+
+    # oss_mixer_device return type
+    def openmixer(device: str = ...) -> None: ...
+    def open2(device: str) -> None: ...
+    # oss_mixer_device2 return type
+    def openmixer2(device: str = ...) -> None: ...
+
+else:
+    class Slice1: ...
+    _Slice1: TypeAlias = Slice1
+
+    class Slice2: ...
+    _Slice2: TypeAlias = Slice2
+
+class NoEmptyLinesBetweenFunctions:
+    def multi_line_but_only_ellipsis(
+        self,
+        mandatory_release: float | None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def only_ellipsis1(self) -> float: ...
+    def only_ellipsis2(self) -> float | None: ...
+    def has_impl1(self):
+        print(self)
+        return 1
+
+    def has_impl2(self):
+        print(self)
+        return 2
+
+    def no_impl4(self): ...
+
+class NoEmptyLinesBetweenField:
+    field1: int
+    field2: (
+        # type
+        int
+    )
+    field3 = 3
+    field4 = (
+        1,
+        2,
+    )
+    field5 = 5
+
+class FieldAndFunctionsWithOptionalEmptyLines:
+    details1: int
+    def f1(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details2: int
+    def f2(self, hresult: int, text: str | None, detail: int) -> None: ...
+    details3: int
+
+class NewlinesBetweenStubInnerClasses:
+    def f1(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+    class InnerClass2: ...
+
+    def f2(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3: ...
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+    field = 1
+
+    class InnerClass3: ...
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+
+    def f3(self): ...
+    @final
+    class DecoratorInsteadOfEmptyLine: ...
+
+    @final
+    class DecoratorStillEmptyLine: ...
+
+class NewlinesBetweenInnerClasses:
+    class InnerClass1: ...
+
+    class InnerClass2:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass3:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass4: ...
+
+    class InnerClass5:
+        def a(self): ...
+    field1 = 1
+
+    class InnerClass6:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+    def f1(self): ...
+
+    class InnerClass7:
+        def a(self): ...
+    print("hi")
+
+    class InnerClass8:
+        def a(self): ...
+
+class ComplexStatements:
+    # didn't match the name in the C implementation,
+    # meaning it is only *safe* to pass it as a keyword argument on 3.12+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        @classmethod
+        def fromtimestamp(cls, timestamp: float, tz: float | None = ...) -> Self: ...
+    else:
+        @classmethod
+        def fromtimestamp(cls, __timestamp: float, tz: float | None = ...) -> Self: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcfromtimestamp(cls, __t: float) -> Self: ...
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        @classmethod
+        def now(cls, tz: float | None = None) -> Self: ...
+    else:
+        @classmethod
+        def now(cls, tz: None = None) -> Self: ...
+        @classmethod
+        def now2(cls, tz: float) -> Self: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcnow(cls) -> Self: ...
+```
+
+
+
diff --git a/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__top_level.pyi.snap b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__top_level.pyi.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..99c29acbdd457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@stub_files__top_level.pyi.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/fixtures.rs
+input_file: crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/stub_files/top_level.pyi
+---
+## Input
+```py
+from typing import final
+
+
+def count1(): ...
+def count2(): ...
+@final
+def count3(): ...
+@final
+class LockType1: ...
+
+def count4(): ...
+
+class LockType2: ...
+class LockType3: ...
+
+@final
+class LockType4: ...
+```
+
+## Output
+```py
+from typing import final
+
+def count1(): ...
+def count2(): ...
+@final
+def count3(): ...
+@final
+class LockType1: ...
+
+def count4(): ...
+
+class LockType2: ...
+class LockType3: ...
+
+@final
+class LockType4: ...
+```
+
+
+