feat(@angular-devkit/build-angular): support native async/await when app is zoneless

This commit updates the esbuild based builders to emit native async/await when `zone.js` is not added as a polyfill.

Closes #22191

Author: alan-agius4

Diff for: packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/application/tests/behavior/browser-support_spec.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describeBuilder(buildApplication, APPLICATION_BUILDER_INFO, (harness) => {
       harness.expectFile('dist/browser/main.js.map').content.toContain('Promise<Void123>');
     });
 
-    it('downlevels async functions ', async () => {
+    it('downlevels async functions when zone.js is included as a polyfill', async () => {
       // Add an async function to the project
       await harness.writeFile(
         'src/main.ts',
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ describeBuilder(buildApplication, APPLICATION_BUILDER_INFO, (harness) => {
 
       harness.useTarget('build', {
         ...BASE_OPTIONS,
+        polyfills: ['zone.js'],
       });
 
       const { result } = await harness.executeOnce();
@@ -62,6 +63,25 @@ describeBuilder(buildApplication, APPLICATION_BUILDER_INFO, (harness) => {
       harness.expectFile('dist/browser/main.js').content.toContain('"from-async-function"');
     });
 
+    it('does not downlevels async functions when zone.js is not included as a polyfill', async () => {
+      // Add an async function to the project
+      await harness.writeFile(
+        'src/main.ts',
+        'async function test(): Promise<void> { console.log("from-async-function"); }\ntest();',
+      );
+
+      harness.useTarget('build', {
+        ...BASE_OPTIONS,
+        polyfills: [],
+      });
+
+      const { result } = await harness.executeOnce();
+
+      expect(result?.success).toBe(true);
+      harness.expectFile('dist/browser/main.js').content.toMatch(/\sasync\s/);
+      harness.expectFile('dist/browser/main.js').content.toContain('"from-async-function"');
+    });
+
     it('warns when IE is present in browserslist', async () => {
       await harness.appendToFile(
         '.browserslistrc',
@@ -89,7 +109,7 @@ describeBuilder(buildApplication, APPLICATION_BUILDER_INFO, (harness) => {
       );
     });
 
-    it('downlevels "for await...of"', async () => {
+    it('downlevels "for await...of" when zone.js is included as a polyfill', async () => {
       // Add an async function to the project
       await harness.writeFile(
         'src/main.ts',
@@ -104,6 +124,7 @@ describeBuilder(buildApplication, APPLICATION_BUILDER_INFO, (harness) => {
 
       harness.useTarget('build', {
         ...BASE_OPTIONS,
+        polyfills: ['zone.js'],
       });
 
       const { result } = await harness.executeOnce();
@@ -112,5 +133,30 @@ describeBuilder(buildApplication, APPLICATION_BUILDER_INFO, (harness) => {
       harness.expectFile('dist/browser/main.js').content.not.toMatch(/\sawait\s/);
       harness.expectFile('dist/browser/main.js').content.toContain('"for await...of"');
     });
+
+    it('does not downlevel "for await...of" when zone.js is not included as a polyfill', async () => {
+      // Add an async function to the project
+      await harness.writeFile(
+        'src/main.ts',
+        `
+          (async () => {
+            for await (const o of [1, 2, 3]) {
+              console.log("for await...of");
+            }
+          })();
+          `,
+      );
+
+      harness.useTarget('build', {
+        ...BASE_OPTIONS,
+        polyfills: [],
+      });
+
+      const { result } = await harness.executeOnce();
+
+      expect(result?.success).toBe(true);
+      harness.expectFile('dist/browser/main.js').content.toMatch(/\sawait\s/);
+      harness.expectFile('dist/browser/main.js').content.toContain('"for await...of"');
+    });
   });
 });

Diff for: packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/dev-server/vite-server.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@ import { BuildOutputFile, BuildOutputFileType } from '../../tools/esbuild/bundle
 import { ExternalResultMetadata } from '../../tools/esbuild/bundler-execution-result';
 import { JavaScriptTransformer } from '../../tools/esbuild/javascript-transformer';
 import { createRxjsEsmResolutionPlugin } from '../../tools/esbuild/rxjs-esm-resolution-plugin';
-import { getFeatureSupport, transformSupportedBrowsersToTargets } from '../../tools/esbuild/utils';
+import {
+  getFeatureSupport,
+  isZonelessApp,
+  transformSupportedBrowsersToTargets,
+} from '../../tools/esbuild/utils';
 import { createAngularMemoryPlugin } from '../../tools/vite/angular-memory-plugin';
 import { createAngularLocaleDataPlugin } from '../../tools/vite/i18n-locale-plugin';
 import { loadProxyConfiguration, normalizeSourceMaps } from '../../utils';
@@ -248,6 +252,9 @@ export async function* serveWithVite(
       const projectRoot = join(context.workspaceRoot, root as string);
       const browsers = getSupportedBrowsers(projectRoot, context.logger);
       const target = transformSupportedBrowsersToTargets(browsers);
+      const polyfills = Array.isArray((browserOptions.polyfills ??= []))
+        ? browserOptions.polyfills
+        : [browserOptions.polyfills];
 
       // Setup server and start listening
       const serverConfiguration = await setupServer(
@@ -259,6 +266,7 @@ export async function* serveWithVite(
         !!browserOptions.ssr,
         prebundleTransformer,
         target,
+        isZonelessApp(polyfills),
         browserOptions.loader as EsbuildLoaderOption | undefined,
         extensions?.middleware,
         transformers?.indexHtml,
@@ -443,6 +451,7 @@ export async function setupServer(
   ssr: boolean,
   prebundleTransformer: JavaScriptTransformer,
   target: string[],
+  zoneless: boolean,
   prebundleLoaderExtensions: EsbuildLoaderOption | undefined,
   extensionMiddleware?: Connect.NextHandleFunction[],
   indexHtmlTransformer?: (content: string) => Promise<string>,
@@ -540,6 +549,7 @@ export async function setupServer(
         include: externalMetadata.implicitServer,
         ssr: true,
         prebundleTransformer,
+        zoneless,
         target,
         loader: prebundleLoaderExtensions,
         thirdPartySourcemaps,
@@ -570,6 +580,7 @@ export async function setupServer(
       ssr: false,
       prebundleTransformer,
       target,
+      zoneless,
       loader: prebundleLoaderExtensions,
       thirdPartySourcemaps,
     }),
@@ -605,6 +616,7 @@ function getDepOptimizationConfig({
   exclude,
   include,
   target,
+  zoneless,
   prebundleTransformer,
   ssr,
   loader,
@@ -616,6 +628,7 @@ function getDepOptimizationConfig({
   target: string[];
   prebundleTransformer: JavaScriptTransformer;
   ssr: boolean;
+  zoneless: boolean;
   loader?: EsbuildLoaderOption;
   thirdPartySourcemaps: boolean;
 }): DepOptimizationConfig {
@@ -650,7 +663,7 @@ function getDepOptimizationConfig({
     esbuildOptions: {
       // Set esbuild supported targets.
       target,
-      supported: getFeatureSupport(target),
+      supported: getFeatureSupport(target, zoneless),
       plugins,
       loader,
     },

Diff for: packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/tools/esbuild/application-code-bundle.ts

@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ import { createExternalPackagesPlugin } from './external-packages-plugin';
 import { createAngularLocaleDataPlugin } from './i18n-locale-plugin';
 import { createRxjsEsmResolutionPlugin } from './rxjs-esm-resolution-plugin';
 import { createSourcemapIgnorelistPlugin } from './sourcemap-ignorelist-plugin';
-import { getFeatureSupport } from './utils';
+import { getFeatureSupport, isZonelessApp } from './utils';
 import { createVirtualModulePlugin } from './virtual-module-plugin';
 
 export function createBrowserCodeBundleOptions(
   options: NormalizedApplicationBuildOptions,
   target: string[],
   sourceFileCache?: SourceFileCache,
 ): BuildOptions {
-  const { entryPoints, outputNames } = options;
+  const { entryPoints, outputNames, polyfills } = options;
 
   const { pluginOptions, styleOptions } = createCompilerPluginOptions(
     options,
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export function createBrowserCodeBundleOptions(
     entryNames: outputNames.bundles,
     entryPoints,
     target,
-    supported: getFeatureSupport(target),
+    supported: getFeatureSupport(target, isZonelessApp(polyfills)),
     plugins: [
       createSourcemapIgnorelistPlugin(),
       createCompilerPlugin(
@@ -154,8 +154,15 @@ export function createServerCodeBundleOptions(
   target: string[],
   sourceFileCache: SourceFileCache,
 ): BuildOptions {
-  const { serverEntryPoint, workspaceRoot, ssrOptions, watch, externalPackages, prerenderOptions } =
-    options;
+  const {
+    serverEntryPoint,
+    workspaceRoot,
+    ssrOptions,
+    watch,
+    externalPackages,
+    prerenderOptions,
+    polyfills,
+  } = options;
 
   assert(
     serverEntryPoint,
@@ -195,7 +202,7 @@ export function createServerCodeBundleOptions(
       js: `import './polyfills.server.mjs';`,
     },
     entryPoints,
-    supported: getFeatureSupport(target),
+    supported: getFeatureSupport(target, isZonelessApp(polyfills)),
     plugins: [
       createSourcemapIgnorelistPlugin(),
       createCompilerPlugin(
@@ -260,27 +267,26 @@ export function createServerPolyfillBundleOptions(
   target: string[],
   sourceFileCache?: SourceFileCache,
 ): BundlerOptionsFactory | undefined {
-  const polyfills: string[] = [];
+  const serverPolyfills: string[] = [];
   const polyfillsFromConfig = new Set(options.polyfills);
-
-  if (polyfillsFromConfig.has('zone.js')) {
-    polyfills.push('zone.js/node');
+  if (!isZonelessApp(options.polyfills)) {
+    serverPolyfills.push('zone.js/node');
   }
 
   if (
     polyfillsFromConfig.has('@angular/localize') ||
     polyfillsFromConfig.has('@angular/localize/init')
   ) {
-    polyfills.push('@angular/localize/init');
+    serverPolyfills.push('@angular/localize/init');
   }
 
-  polyfills.push('@angular/platform-server/init');
+  serverPolyfills.push('@angular/platform-server/init');
 
   const namespace = 'angular:polyfills-server';
   const polyfillBundleOptions = getEsBuildCommonPolyfillsOptions(
     {
       ...options,
-      polyfills,
+      polyfills: serverPolyfills,
     },
     namespace,
     false,

Diff for: packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/tools/esbuild/utils.ts

@@ -170,18 +170,24 @@ export async function withNoProgress<T>(text: string, action: () => T | Promise<
  * Generates a syntax feature object map for Angular applications based on a list of targets.
  * A full set of feature names can be found here: https://esbuild.github.io/api/#supported
  * @param target An array of browser/engine targets in the format accepted by the esbuild `target` option.
+ * @param nativeAsyncAwait Indicate whether to support native async/await.
  * @returns An object that can be used with the esbuild build `supported` option.
  */
-export function getFeatureSupport(target: string[]): BuildOptions['supported'] {
+export function getFeatureSupport(
+  target: string[],
+  nativeAsyncAwait: boolean,
+): BuildOptions['supported'] {
   const supported: Record<string, boolean> = {
     // Native async/await is not supported with Zone.js. Disabling support here will cause
     // esbuild to downlevel async/await, async generators, and for await...of to a Zone.js supported form.
-    'async-await': false,
+    'async-await': nativeAsyncAwait,
     // V8 currently has a performance defect involving object spread operations that can cause signficant
     // degradation in runtime performance. By not supporting the language feature here, a downlevel form
     // will be used instead which provides a workaround for the performance issue.
     // For more details: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=11536
     'object-rest-spread': false,
+    // Using top-level-await is not guaranteed to be safe with some code optimizations.
+    'top-level-await': false,
   };
 
   // Detect Safari browser versions that have a class field behavior bug
@@ -479,3 +485,14 @@ export async function logMessages(
     logger.error((await formatMessages(errors, { kind: 'error', color })).join('\n'));
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Ascertain whether the application operates without `zone.js`, we currently rely on the polyfills setting to determine its status.
+ * If a file with an extension is provided or if `zone.js` is included in the polyfills, the application is deemed as not zoneless.
+ * @param polyfills An array of polyfills
+ * @returns true, when the application is considered as zoneless.
+ */
+export function isZonelessApp(polyfills: string[] | undefined): boolean {
+  // TODO: Instead, we should rely on the presence of zone.js in the polyfills build metadata.
+  return !polyfills?.some((p) => p === 'zone.js' || /\.[mc]?[jt]s$/.test(p));
+}