adodb-postgres64.inc.php

<?php
/**
 * ADOdb PostgreSQL 6.4 driver
 *
 * This file is part of ADOdb, a Database Abstraction Layer library for PHP.
 *
 * @package ADOdb
 * @link https://adodb.org Project's web site and documentation
 * @link https://github.com/ADOdb/ADOdb Source code and issue tracker
 *
 * The ADOdb Library is dual-licensed, released under both the BSD 3-Clause
 * and the GNU Lesser General Public Licence (LGPL) v2.1 or, at your option,
 * any later version. This means you can use it in proprietary products.
 * See the LICENSE.md file distributed with this source code for details.
 * @license BSD-3-Clause
 * @license LGPL-2.1-or-later
 *
 * @copyright 2000-2013 John Lim
 * @copyright 2014 Damien Regad, Mark Newnham and the ADOdb community
 */

// security - hide paths
if (!defined('ADODB_DIR')) die();

class ADODB_postgres64 extends ADOConnection{
	var $databaseType = 'postgres64';
	var $dataProvider = 'postgres';
	var $hasInsertID = true;
	/** @var PgSql\Connection|resource|false */
	var $_resultid = false;
	var $concat_operator='||';
	var $metaDatabasesSQL = "select datname from pg_database where datname not in ('template0','template1') order by 1";
	var $metaTablesSQL = "select tablename,'T' from pg_tables where tablename not like 'pg\_%'
		and tablename not in ('sql_features', 'sql_implementation_info', 'sql_languages',
			'sql_packages', 'sql_sizing', 'sql_sizing_profiles')
	union
		select viewname,'V' from pg_views where viewname not like 'pg\_%'";
	//"select tablename from pg_tables where tablename not like 'pg_%' order by 1";
	var $isoDates = true; // accepts dates in ISO format
	var $sysDate = "CURRENT_DATE";
	var $sysTimeStamp = "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP";
	var $blobEncodeType = 'C';
	var $metaColumnsSQL = "SELECT a.attname,t.typname,a.attlen,a.atttypmod,a.attnotnull,a.atthasdef,a.attnum
		FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a,pg_type t
		WHERE relkind in ('r','v') AND (c.relname='%s' or c.relname = lower('%s')) and a.attname not like '....%%'
		AND a.attnum > 0 AND a.atttypid = t.oid AND a.attrelid = c.oid ORDER BY a.attnum";

	// used when schema defined
	var $metaColumnsSQL1 = "SELECT a.attname, t.typname, a.attlen, a.atttypmod, a.attnotnull, a.atthasdef, a.attnum
		FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a, pg_type t, pg_namespace n
		WHERE relkind in ('r','v') AND (c.relname='%s' or c.relname = lower('%s'))
		and c.relnamespace=n.oid and n.nspname='%s'
		and a.attname not like '....%%' AND a.attnum > 0
		AND a.atttypid = t.oid AND a.attrelid = c.oid ORDER BY a.attnum";

	// get primary key etc -- from Freek Dijkstra
	var $metaKeySQL = "SELECT ic.relname AS index_name, a.attname AS column_name,i.indisunique AS unique_key, i.indisprimary AS primary_key
		FROM pg_class bc, pg_class ic, pg_index i, pg_attribute a
		WHERE bc.oid = i.indrelid AND ic.oid = i.indexrelid
		AND (i.indkey[0] = a.attnum OR i.indkey[1] = a.attnum OR i.indkey[2] = a.attnum OR i.indkey[3] = a.attnum OR i.indkey[4] = a.attnum OR i.indkey[5] = a.attnum OR i.indkey[6] = a.attnum OR i.indkey[7] = a.attnum)
		AND a.attrelid = bc.oid AND bc.relname = '%s'";

	var $hasAffectedRows = true;
	var $hasLimit = false;	// set to true for pgsql 7 only. support pgsql/mysql SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 10
	// below suggested by Freek Dijkstra
	var $true = 'TRUE';		// string that represents TRUE for a database
	var $false = 'FALSE';		// string that represents FALSE for a database
	var $fmtDate = "'Y-m-d'";	// used by DBDate() as the default date format used by the database
	var $fmtTimeStamp = "'Y-m-d H:i:s'"; // used by DBTimeStamp as the default timestamp fmt.
	var $hasMoveFirst = true;
	var $hasGenID = true;
	var $_genIDSQL = "SELECT NEXTVAL('%s')";
	var $_genSeqSQL = "CREATE SEQUENCE %s START %s";
	var $_dropSeqSQL = "DROP SEQUENCE %s";
	var $metaDefaultsSQL = "SELECT d.adnum as num, d.adsrc as def from pg_attrdef d, pg_class c where d.adrelid=c.oid and c.relname='%s' order by d.adnum";
	var $random = 'random()';		/// random function
	var $autoRollback = true; // apparently pgsql does not autorollback properly before php 4.3.4
							// http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=25404

	var $uniqueIisR = true;
	var $_bindInputArray = false; // requires postgresql 7.3+ and ability to modify database
	var $disableBlobs = false; // set to true to disable blob checking, resulting in 2-5% improvement in performance.

	/** @var int $_pnum Number of the last assigned query parameter {@see param()} */
	var $_pnum = 0;

	var $version;
	var $_nestedSQL = false;

	// The last (fmtTimeStamp is not entirely correct:
	// PostgreSQL also has support for time zones,
	// and writes these time in this format: "2001-03-01 18:59:26+02".
	// There is no code for the "+02" time zone information, so I just left that out.
	// I'm not familiar enough with both ADODB as well as Postgres
	// to know what the concequences are. The other values are correct (wheren't in 0.94)
	// -- Freek Dijkstra

	/**
	 * Retrieve Server information.
	 * In addition to server version and description, the function also returns
	 * the client version.
	 * @param bool $detailed If true, retrieve detailed version string (executes
	 *                       a SQL query) in addition to the version number
	 * @return array|bool Server info or false if version could not be retrieved
	 *                    e.g. if there is no active connection
	 */
	function ServerInfo($detailed = true)
	{
		if (empty($this->version['version'])) {
			// We don't have a connection, so we can't retrieve server info
			if (!$this->_connectionID) {
				return false;
			}

			$version = pg_version($this->_connectionID);
			$this->version = array(
				// If PHP has been compiled with PostgreSQL 7.3 or lower, then
				// server version is not set so we use pg_parameter_status()
				// which includes logic to obtain values server_version
				'version' => isset($version['server'])
					? $version['server']
					: pg_parameter_status($this->_connectionID, 'server_version'),
				'client' => $version['client'],
				'description' => null,
			);
		}
		if ($detailed && $this->version['description'] === null) {
			$this->version['description'] = $this->GetOne('select version()');
		}

		return $this->version;
	}

	function IfNull( $field, $ifNull )
	{
		return " coalesce($field, $ifNull) ";
	}

	// get the last id - never tested
	function pg_insert_id($tablename,$fieldname)
	{
		$result=pg_query($this->_connectionID, 'SELECT last_value FROM '. $tablename .'_'. $fieldname .'_seq');
		if ($result) {
			$arr = @pg_fetch_row($result,0);
			pg_free_result($result);
			if (isset($arr[0])) return $arr[0];
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Warning from http://www.php.net/manual/function.pg-getlastoid.php:
	 * Using a OID as a unique identifier is not generally wise.
	 * Unless you are very careful, you might end up with a tuple having
	 * a different OID if a database must be reloaded.
	 *
	 * @inheritDoc
	 */
	protected function _insertID($table = '', $column = '')
	{
		if ($this->_resultid === false) return false;
		$oid = pg_last_oid($this->_resultid);
		// to really return the id, we need the table and column-name, else we can only return the oid != id
		return empty($table) || empty($column) ? $oid : $this->GetOne("SELECT $column FROM $table WHERE oid=".(int)$oid);
	}

	function _affectedrows()
	{
		if ($this->_resultid === false) return false;
		return pg_affected_rows($this->_resultid);
	}


	/**
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function BeginTrans()
	{
		if ($this->transOff) return true;
		$this->transCnt += 1;
		return pg_query($this->_connectionID, 'begin '.$this->_transmode);
	}

	function RowLock($tables,$where,$col='1 as adodbignore')
	{
		if (!$this->transCnt) $this->BeginTrans();
		return $this->GetOne("select $col from $tables where $where for update");
	}

	// returns true/false.
	function CommitTrans($ok=true)
	{
		if ($this->transOff) return true;
		if (!$ok) return $this->RollbackTrans();

		$this->transCnt -= 1;
		return pg_query($this->_connectionID, 'commit');
	}

	// returns true/false
	function RollbackTrans()
	{
		if ($this->transOff) return true;
		$this->transCnt -= 1;
		return pg_query($this->_connectionID, 'rollback');
	}

	function MetaTables($ttype=false,$showSchema=false,$mask=false)
	{
		$info = $this->ServerInfo();
		if ($info['version'] >= 7.3) {
		$this->metaTablesSQL = "
			select table_name,'T' from information_schema.tables where table_schema not in ( 'pg_catalog','information_schema')
			union
			select table_name,'V' from information_schema.views where table_schema not in ( 'pg_catalog','information_schema') ";
		}
		if ($mask) {
			$save = $this->metaTablesSQL;
			$mask = $this->qstr(strtolower($mask));
			if ($info['version']>=7.3)
				$this->metaTablesSQL = "
					select table_name,'T' from information_schema.tables where table_name like $mask and table_schema not in ( 'pg_catalog','information_schema')
					union
					select table_name,'V' from information_schema.views where table_name like $mask and table_schema not in ( 'pg_catalog','information_schema') ";
			else
				$this->metaTablesSQL = "
					select tablename,'T' from pg_tables where tablename like $mask
					union
					select viewname,'V' from pg_views where viewname like $mask";
		}
		$ret = ADOConnection::MetaTables($ttype,$showSchema);

		if ($mask) {
			$this->metaTablesSQL = $save;
		}
		return $ret;
	}


	/**
	 * Quotes a string to be sent to the database.
	 *
	 * Relies on pg_escape_string()
	 * @link https://adodb.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=v5:reference:connection:qstr
	 *
	 * @param string $s            The string to quote
	 * @param bool   $magic_quotes This param is not used since 5.21.0.
	 *                             It remains for backwards compatibility.
	 *
	 * @return string Quoted string
	 */
	function qStr($s, $magic_quotes=false)
	{
		if (is_bool($s)) {
			return $s ? 'true' : 'false';
		}

		if ($this->_connectionID) {
			return "'" . pg_escape_string($this->_connectionID, $s) . "'";
		} else {
			// Fall back to emulated escaping when there is no database connection.
			// Avoids errors when using setSessionVariables() in the load balancer.
			return parent::qStr( $s );
		}
	}


	// Format date column in sql string given an input format that understands Y M D
	function SQLDate($fmt, $col=false)
	{
		if (!$col) $col = $this->sysTimeStamp;
		$s = 'TO_CHAR('.$col.",'";

		$len = strlen($fmt);
		for ($i=0; $i < $len; $i++) {
			$ch = $fmt[$i];
			switch($ch) {
			case 'Y':
			case 'y':
				$s .= 'YYYY';
				break;
			case 'Q':
			case 'q':
				$s .= 'Q';
				break;

			case 'M':
				$s .= 'Mon';
				break;

			case 'm':
				$s .= 'MM';
				break;
			case 'D':
			case 'd':
				$s .= 'DD';
				break;

			case 'H':
				$s.= 'HH24';
				break;

			case 'h':
				$s .= 'HH';
				break;

			case 'i':
				$s .= 'MI';
				break;

			case 's':
				$s .= 'SS';
				break;

			case 'a':
			case 'A':
				$s .= 'AM';
				break;

			case 'w':
				$s .= 'D';
				break;

			case 'l':
				$s .= 'DAY';
				break;

			case 'W':
				$s .= 'WW';
				break;

			default:
			// handle escape characters...
				if ($ch == '\\') {
					$i++;
					$ch = substr($fmt,$i,1);
				}
				if (strpos('-/.:;, ',$ch) !== false) $s .= $ch;
				else $s .= '"'.$ch.'"';

			}
		}
		return $s. "')";
	}



	/*
	* Load a Large Object from a file
	* - the procedure stores the object id in the table and imports the object using
	* postgres proprietary blob handling routines
	*
	* contributed by Mattia Rossi mattia@technologist.com
	* modified for safe mode by juraj chlebec
	*/
	function UpdateBlobFile($table,$column,$path,$where,$blobtype='BLOB')
	{
		pg_query($this->_connectionID, 'begin');

		$fd = fopen($path,'r');
		$contents = fread($fd,filesize($path));
		fclose($fd);

		$oid = pg_lo_create($this->_connectionID);
		$handle = pg_lo_open($this->_connectionID, $oid, 'w');
		pg_lo_write($handle, $contents);
		pg_lo_close($handle);

		// $oid = pg_lo_import ($path);
		pg_query($this->_connectionID, 'commit');
		$rs = ADOConnection::UpdateBlob($table,$column,$oid,$where,$blobtype);
		$rez = !empty($rs);
		return $rez;
	}

	/*
	* Deletes/Unlinks a Blob from the database, otherwise it
	* will be left behind
	*
	* Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
	*
	* contributed by Todd Rogers todd#windfox.net
	*/
	function BlobDelete( $blob )
	{
		pg_query($this->_connectionID, 'begin');
		$result = @pg_lo_unlink($this->_connectionID, $blob);
		pg_query($this->_connectionID, 'commit');
		return( $result );
	}

	/*
		Heuristic - not guaranteed to work.
	*/
	function GuessOID($oid)
	{
		if (strlen($oid)>16) return false;
		return is_numeric($oid);
	}

	/*
	* If an OID is detected, then we use pg_lo_* to open the oid file and read the
	* real blob from the db using the oid supplied as a parameter. If you are storing
	* blobs using bytea, we autodetect and process it so this function is not needed.
	*
	* contributed by Mattia Rossi mattia@technologist.com
	*
	* see http://www.postgresql.org/idocs/index.php?largeobjects.html
	*
	* Since adodb 4.54, this returns the blob, instead of sending it to stdout. Also
	* added maxsize parameter, which defaults to $db->maxblobsize if not defined.
	*/
	function BlobDecode($blob,$maxsize=false,$hastrans=true)
	{
		if (!$this->GuessOID($blob)) return $blob;

		if ($hastrans) pg_query($this->_connectionID,'begin');
		$fd = @pg_lo_open($this->_connectionID,$blob,'r');
		if ($fd === false) {
			if ($hastrans) pg_query($this->_connectionID,'commit');
			return $blob;
		}
		if (!$maxsize) $maxsize = $this->maxblobsize;
		$realblob = @pg_lo_read($fd,$maxsize);
		@pg_lo_close($fd);
		if ($hastrans) pg_query($this->_connectionID,'commit');
		return $realblob;
	}

	/**
	 * Encode binary value prior to DB storage.
	 *
	 * See https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/datatype-binary.html
	 *
	 * NOTE: SQL string literals (input strings) must be preceded with two
	 * backslashes due to the fact that they must pass through two parsers in
	 * the PostgreSQL backend.
	 *
	 * @param string $blob
	 */
	function BlobEncode($blob)
	{
		return pg_escape_bytea($this->_connectionID, $blob);
	}

	// assumes bytea for blob, and varchar for clob
	function UpdateBlob($table,$column,$val,$where,$blobtype='BLOB')
	{
		if ($blobtype == 'CLOB') {
			return $this->Execute("UPDATE $table SET $column=" . $this->qstr($val) . " WHERE $where");
		}
		// do not use bind params which uses qstr(), as blobencode() already quotes data
		return $this->Execute("UPDATE $table SET $column='".$this->BlobEncode($val)."'::bytea WHERE $where");
	}

	function OffsetDate($dayFraction,$date=false)
	{
		if (!$date) $date = $this->sysDate;
		else if (strncmp($date,"'",1) == 0) {
			$len = strlen($date);
			if (10 <= $len && $len <= 12) $date = 'date '.$date;
			else $date = 'timestamp '.$date;
		}


		return "($date+interval'".($dayFraction * 1440)." minutes')";
		#return "($date+interval'$dayFraction days')";
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the SQL to retrieve MetaColumns data
	 * @param string $table Table name
	 * @param string $schema Schema name (can be blank)
	 * @return string SQL statement to execute
	 */
	protected function _generateMetaColumnsSQL($table, $schema)
	{
		if ($schema) {
			return sprintf($this->metaColumnsSQL1, $table, $table, $schema);
		}
		else {
			return sprintf($this->metaColumnsSQL, $table, $table, $schema);
		}
	}

	// for schema support, pass in the $table param "$schema.$tabname".
	// converts field names to lowercase, $upper is ignored
	// see PHPLens Issue No: 14018 for more info
	function MetaColumns($table,$normalize=true)
	{
		global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;

		$schema = false;
		$false = false;
		$this->_findschema($table,$schema);

		if ($normalize) $table = strtolower($table);

		$save = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;
		if ($this->fetchMode !== false) $savem = $this->SetFetchMode(false);

		$rs = $this->Execute($this->_generateMetaColumnsSQL($table, $schema));
		if (isset($savem)) $this->SetFetchMode($savem);
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = $save;

		if ($rs === false) {
			return $false;
		}
		if (!empty($this->metaKeySQL)) {
			// If we want the primary keys, we have to issue a separate query
			// Of course, a modified version of the metaColumnsSQL query using a
			// LEFT JOIN would have been much more elegant, but postgres does
			// not support OUTER JOINS. So here is the clumsy way.

			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC;

			$rskey = $this->Execute(sprintf($this->metaKeySQL,($table)));
			// fetch all result in once for performance.
			$keys = $rskey->GetArray();
			if (isset($savem)) $this->SetFetchMode($savem);
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = $save;

			$rskey->Close();
			unset($rskey);
		}

		$rsdefa = array();
		if (!empty($this->metaDefaultsSQL)) {
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC;
			$sql = sprintf($this->metaDefaultsSQL, ($table));
			$rsdef = $this->Execute($sql);
			if (isset($savem)) $this->SetFetchMode($savem);
			$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = $save;

			if ($rsdef) {
				while (!$rsdef->EOF) {
					$num = $rsdef->fields['num'];
					$s = $rsdef->fields['def'];
					if (strpos($s,'::')===false && substr($s, 0, 1) == "'") { /* quoted strings hack... for now... fixme */
						$s = substr($s, 1);
						$s = substr($s, 0, strlen($s) - 1);
					}

					$rsdefa[$num] = $s;
					$rsdef->MoveNext();
				}
			} else {
				ADOConnection::outp( "==> SQL => " . $sql);
			}
			unset($rsdef);
		}

		$retarr = array();
		while (!$rs->EOF) {
			$fld = new ADOFieldObject();
			$fld->name = $rs->fields[0];
			$fld->type = $rs->fields[1];
			$fld->max_length = $rs->fields[2];
			$fld->attnum = $rs->fields[6];

			if ($fld->max_length <= 0) $fld->max_length = $rs->fields[3]-4;
			if ($fld->max_length <= 0) $fld->max_length = -1;
			if ($fld->type == 'numeric') {
				$fld->scale = $fld->max_length & 0xFFFF;
				$fld->max_length >>= 16;
			}
			// dannym
			// 5 hasdefault; 6 num-of-column
			$fld->has_default = ($rs->fields[5] == 't');
			if ($fld->has_default) {
				$fld->default_value = $rsdefa[$rs->fields[6]];
			}

			//Freek
			$fld->not_null = $rs->fields[4] == 't';


			// Freek
			if (is_array($keys)) {
				foreach($keys as $key) {
					if ($fld->name == $key['column_name'] AND $key['primary_key'] == 't')
						$fld->primary_key = true;
					if ($fld->name == $key['column_name'] AND $key['unique_key'] == 't')
						$fld->unique = true; // What name is more compatible?
				}
			}

			if ($ADODB_FETCH_MODE == ADODB_FETCH_NUM) $retarr[] = $fld;
			else $retarr[($normalize) ? strtoupper($fld->name) : $fld->name] = $fld;

			$rs->MoveNext();
		}
		$rs->Close();
		if (empty($retarr))
			return  $false;
		else
			return $retarr;

	}

	function param($name, $type='C')
	{
		if (!$name) {
			// Reset parameter number if $name is falsy
			$this->_pnum = 0;
			if ($name === false) {
				// and don't return placeholder if false (see #380)
				return '';
			}
		}

		return '$' . ++$this->_pnum;
	}

	function MetaIndexes ($table, $primary = FALSE, $owner = false)
	{
		global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;

		$schema = false;
		$this->_findschema($table,$schema);

		if ($schema) { // requires pgsql 7.3+ - pg_namespace used.
			$sql = '
				SELECT c.relname as "Name", i.indisunique as "Unique", i.indkey as "Columns"
				FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
				JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid=c.oid
				JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class c2 ON c2.oid=i.indrelid
					,pg_namespace n
				WHERE (c2.relname=\'%s\' or c2.relname=lower(\'%s\'))
				and c.relnamespace=c2.relnamespace
				and c.relnamespace=n.oid
				and n.nspname=\'%s\'';
		} else {
			$sql = '
				SELECT c.relname as "Name", i.indisunique as "Unique", i.indkey as "Columns"
				FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
				JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid=c.oid
				JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class c2 ON c2.oid=i.indrelid
				WHERE (c2.relname=\'%s\' or c2.relname=lower(\'%s\'))';
		}

		if ($primary == FALSE) {
			$sql .= ' AND i.indisprimary=false;';
		}

		$save = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;
		if ($this->fetchMode !== FALSE) {
			$savem = $this->SetFetchMode(FALSE);
		}

		$rs = $this->Execute(sprintf($sql,$table,$table,$schema));
		if (isset($savem)) {
			$this->SetFetchMode($savem);
		}
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = $save;

		if (!is_object($rs)) {
			$false = false;
			return $false;
		}

		// Get column names indexed by attnum so we can lookup the index key
		$col_names = $this->MetaColumnNames($table,true,true);
		$indexes = array();
		while ($row = $rs->FetchRow()) {
			$columns = array();
			foreach (explode(' ', $row[2]) as $col) {
				// When index attribute (pg_index.indkey) is an expression, $col == 0
				// @see https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/catalog-pg-index.html
				// so there is no matching column name - set it to null (see #940).
				$columns[] = $col_names[$col] ?? null;
			}

			$indexes[$row[0]] = array(
				'unique' => ($row[1] == 't'),
				'columns' => $columns
			);
		}
		return $indexes;
	}

	/**
	 * Connect to a database.
	 *
	 * Examples:
	 *   $db->Connect("host=host1 user=user1 password=secret port=4341");
	 *   $db->Connect('host1:4341', 'user1', 'secret');
	 *
	 * @param string $str  pg_connect() Connection string or Hostname[:port]
	 * @param string $user (Optional) The username to connect as.
	 * @param string $pwd  (Optional) The password to connect with.
	 * @param string $db   (Optional) The name of the database to start in when connected.
	 * @param int $ctype   Connection type
	 * @return bool|null   True if connected successfully, false if connection failed, or
	 *                     null if the PostgreSQL extension is not loaded.
	 */
	function _connect($str, $user='', $pwd='', $db='', $ctype=0)
	{
		if (!function_exists('pg_connect')) {
			return null;
		}

		$this->_errorMsg = false;

		// If $user, $pwd and $db are all null, then $str is a pg_connect()
		// connection string. Otherwise we expect it to be a hostname,
		// with optional port separated by ':'
		if ($user || $pwd || $db) {
			// Hostname & port
			if ($str) {
				$host = explode(':', $str);
				if ($host[0]) {
					$conn['host'] = $host[0];
				}
				if (isset($host[1])) {
					$conn['port'] = (int)$host[1];
				} elseif (!empty($this->port)) {
					$conn['port'] = $this->port;
				}
			}
			$conn['user'] = $user;
			$conn['password'] = $pwd;
			// @TODO not sure why we default to 'template1', pg_connect() uses the username when dbname is empty
			$conn['dbname'] = $db ?: 'template1';

			// Generate connection string
			$str = '';
			foreach ($conn as $param => $value) {
				// Escaping single quotes and backslashes per pg_connect() documentation
				$str .= $param . "='" . addcslashes($value, "'\\") . "' ";
			}
		}

		if ($ctype === 1) { // persistent
			$this->_connectionID = pg_pconnect($str);
		} else {
			if ($ctype === -1) { // nconnect, we trick pgsql ext by changing the connection str
				static $ncnt;

				if (empty($ncnt)) $ncnt = 1;
				else $ncnt += 1;

				$str .= str_repeat(' ',$ncnt);
			}
			$this->_connectionID = pg_connect($str);
		}
		if ($this->_connectionID === false) return false;
		$this->Execute("set datestyle='ISO'");

		$info = $this->ServerInfo(false);

		if (version_compare($info['version'], '7.1', '>=')) {
			$this->_nestedSQL = true;
		}

		# PostgreSQL 9.0 changed the default output for bytea from 'escape' to 'hex'
		# PHP does not handle 'hex' properly ('x74657374' is returned as 't657374')
		# https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=59831 states this is in fact not a bug,
		# so we manually set bytea_output
		if (version_compare($info['version'], '9.0', '>=')
			&& version_compare($info['client'], '9.2', '<')
		) {
			$this->Execute('set bytea_output=escape');
		}

		return true;
	}

	function _nconnect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName)
	{
		return $this->_connect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName,-1);
	}

	// returns true or false
	//
	// examples:
	// 	$db->PConnect("host=host1 user=user1 password=secret port=4341");
	// 	$db->PConnect('host1','user1','secret');
	function _pconnect($str,$user='',$pwd='',$db='')
	{
		return $this->_connect($str,$user,$pwd,$db,1);
	}


	// returns queryID or false
	function _query($sql,$inputarr=false)
	{
		$this->_pnum = 0;
		$this->_errorMsg = false;
		if ($inputarr) {
		/*
			It appears that PREPARE/EXECUTE is slower for many queries.

			For query executed 1000 times:
			"select id,firstname,lastname from adoxyz
				where firstname not like ? and lastname not like ? and id = ?"

			with plan = 1.51861286163 secs
			no plan =   1.26903700829 secs
		*/
			$plan = 'P'.md5($sql);

			$execp = '';
			foreach($inputarr as $v) {
				if ($execp) $execp .= ',';
				if (is_string($v)) {
					if (strncmp($v,"'",1) !== 0) $execp .= $this->qstr($v);
				} else {
					$execp .= $v;
				}
			}

			if ($execp) $exsql = "EXECUTE $plan ($execp)";
			else $exsql = "EXECUTE $plan";

			$rez = @pg_query($this->_connectionID, $exsql);
			if (!$rez) {
			# Perhaps plan does not exist? Prepare/compile plan.
				$params = '';
				foreach($inputarr as $v) {
					if ($params) $params .= ',';
					if (is_string($v)) {
						$params .= 'VARCHAR';
					} else if (is_integer($v)) {
						$params .= 'INTEGER';
					} else {
						$params .= "REAL";
					}
				}
				$sqlarr = explode('?',$sql);
				//print_r($sqlarr);
				$sql = '';
				$i = 1;
				foreach($sqlarr as $v) {
					$sql .= $v.' $'.$i;
					$i++;
				}
				$s = "PREPARE $plan ($params) AS ".substr($sql,0,strlen($sql)-2);
				//adodb_pr($s);
				$rez = pg_query($this->_connectionID, $s);
				//echo $this->ErrorMsg();
			}
			if ($rez)
				$rez = pg_query($this->_connectionID, $exsql);
		} else {
			//adodb_backtrace();
			$rez = pg_query($this->_connectionID, $sql);
		}
		// check if no data returned, then no need to create real recordset
		if ($rez && pg_num_fields($rez) <= 0) {
			if ($this->_resultid !== false) {
				pg_free_result($this->_resultid);
			}
			$this->_resultid = $rez;
			return true;
		}

		return $rez;
	}

	function _errconnect()
	{
		if (defined('DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED')) return DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED;
		else return 'Database connection failed';
	}

	/*	Returns: the last error message from previous database operation	*/
	function ErrorMsg()
	{
		if ($this->_errorMsg !== false) {
			return $this->_errorMsg;
		}

		if (!empty($this->_resultid)) {
			$this->_errorMsg = @pg_result_error($this->_resultid);
			if ($this->_errorMsg) {
				return $this->_errorMsg;
			}
		}

		if (!empty($this->_connectionID)) {
			$this->_errorMsg = @pg_last_error($this->_connectionID);
		} else {
			$this->_errorMsg = $this->_errconnect();
		}

		return $this->_errorMsg;
	}

	function ErrorNo()
	{
		$e = $this->ErrorMsg();
		if (strlen($e)) {
			return ADOConnection::MetaError($e);
		}
		return 0;
	}

	// returns true or false
	function _close()
	{
		if ($this->transCnt) $this->RollbackTrans();
		if ($this->_resultid) {
			@pg_free_result($this->_resultid);
			$this->_resultid = false;
		}
		@pg_close($this->_connectionID);
		$this->_connectionID = false;
		return true;
	}


	/*
	* Maximum size of C field
	*/
	function CharMax()
	{
		return 1000000000;  // should be 1 Gb?
	}

	/*
	* Maximum size of X field
	*/
	function TextMax()
	{
		return 1000000000; // should be 1 Gb?
	}


}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Class Name: Recordset
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

class ADORecordSet_postgres64 extends ADORecordSet{
	var $_blobArr;
	var $databaseType = "postgres64";
	var $canSeek = true;

	function __construct($queryID, $mode=false)
	{
		if ($mode === false) {
			global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
			$mode = $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		}
		switch ($mode)
		{
		case ADODB_FETCH_NUM: $this->fetchMode = PGSQL_NUM; break;
		case ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC:$this->fetchMode = PGSQL_ASSOC; break;

		case ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT:
		case ADODB_FETCH_BOTH:
		default: $this->fetchMode = PGSQL_BOTH; break;
		}
		$this->adodbFetchMode = $mode;

		// Parent's constructor
		parent::__construct($queryID);
	}

	function GetRowAssoc($upper = ADODB_ASSOC_CASE)
	{
		if ($this->fetchMode == PGSQL_ASSOC && $upper == ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_LOWER) {
			return $this->fields;
		}
		$row = ADORecordSet::GetRowAssoc($upper);
		return $row;
	}

	function _initRS()
	{
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$qid = $this->_queryID;
		$this->_numOfRows = ($ADODB_COUNTRECS)? @pg_num_rows($qid):-1;
		$this->_numOfFields = @pg_num_fields($qid);

		// cache types for blob decode check
		// apparently pg_field_type actually performs an sql query on the database to get the type.
		if (empty($this->connection->noBlobs))
		for ($i=0, $max = $this->_numOfFields; $i < $max; $i++) {
			if (pg_field_type($qid,$i) == 'bytea') {
				$this->_blobArr[$i] = pg_field_name($qid,$i);
			}
		}
	}

	function fields($colname)
	{
		if ($this->fetchMode != PGSQL_NUM) {
			return @$this->fields[$colname];
		}

		if (!$this->bind) {
			$this->bind = array();
			for ($i=0; $i < $this->_numOfFields; $i++) {
				$o = $this->FetchField($i);
				$this->bind[strtoupper($o->name)] = $i;
			}
		}
		return $this->fields[$this->bind[strtoupper($colname)]];
	}

	function fetchField($fieldOffset = 0)
	{
		// offsets begin at 0

		$o = new ADOFieldObject();
		$o->name = @pg_field_name($this->_queryID, $fieldOffset);
		$o->type = @pg_field_type($this->_queryID, $fieldOffset);
		$o->max_length = @pg_field_size($this->_queryID, $fieldOffset);
		return $o;
	}

	function _seek($row)
	{
		return @pg_fetch_row($this->_queryID,$row);
	}

	function _decode($blob)
	{
		if ($blob === NULL) return NULL;
//		eval('$realblob="'.str_replace(array('"','$'),array('\"','\$'),$blob).'";');
		return pg_unescape_bytea($blob);
	}

	/**
	 * Fetches and prepares the RecordSet's fields.
	 *
	 * Fixes the blobs if there are any.
	 */
	protected function _prepFields()
	{
		$this->fields = @pg_fetch_array($this->_queryID,$this->_currentRow,$this->fetchMode);

		// Check prerequisites and bail early if we do not have what we need.
		if (!isset($this->_blobArr) || $this->fields === false) {
			return;
		}

		if ($this->fetchMode == PGSQL_NUM || $this->fetchMode == PGSQL_BOTH) {
			foreach($this->_blobArr as $k => $v) {
				$this->fields[$k] = ADORecordSet_postgres64::_decode($this->fields[$k]);
			}
		}
		if ($this->fetchMode == PGSQL_ASSOC || $this->fetchMode == PGSQL_BOTH) {
			foreach($this->_blobArr as $k => $v) {
				$this->fields[$v] = ADORecordSet_postgres64::_decode($this->fields[$v]);
			}
		}
	}

	// 10% speedup to move MoveNext to child class
	function MoveNext()
	{
		if (!$this->EOF) {
			$this->_currentRow++;
			if ($this->_numOfRows < 0 || $this->_numOfRows > $this->_currentRow) {
				$this->_prepfields();
				if ($this->fields !== false) {
					return true;
				}
			}
			$this->fields = false;
			$this->EOF = true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	function _fetch()
	{
		if ($this->_currentRow >= $this->_numOfRows && $this->_numOfRows >= 0) {
			return false;
		}

		$this->_prepfields();
		return $this->fields !== false;
	}

	function _close()
	{
		if ($this->_queryID === false || $this->_queryID == self::DUMMY_QUERY_ID) {
			return true;
		}
		return pg_free_result($this->_queryID);
	}

	function MetaType($t,$len=-1,$fieldobj=false)
	{
		if (is_object($t)) {
			$fieldobj = $t;
			$t = $fieldobj->type;
			$len = $fieldobj->max_length;
		}

		$t = strtoupper($t);

		if (array_key_exists($t,$this->connection->customActualTypes))
			return  $this->connection->customActualTypes[$t];

		switch ($t) {
				case 'MONEY': // stupid, postgres expects money to be a string
				case 'INTERVAL':
				case 'CHAR':
				case 'CHARACTER':
				case 'VARCHAR':
				case 'NAME':
				case 'BPCHAR':
				case '_VARCHAR':
				case 'CIDR':
				case 'INET':
				case 'MACADDR':
				case 'UUID':
					if ($len <= $this->blobSize) return 'C';

				case 'TEXT':
					return 'X';

				case 'IMAGE': // user defined type
				case 'BLOB': // user defined type
				case 'BIT':	// This is a bit string, not a single bit, so don't return 'L'
				case 'VARBIT':
				case 'BYTEA':
					return 'B';

				case 'BOOL':
				case 'BOOLEAN':
					return 'L';

				case 'DATE':
					return 'D';


				case 'TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE':
				case 'TIME':
				case 'DATETIME':
				case 'TIMESTAMP':
				case 'TIMESTAMPTZ':
					return 'T';

				case 'SMALLINT':
				case 'BIGINT':
				case 'INTEGER':
				case 'INT8':
				case 'INT4':
				case 'INT2':
					if (isset($fieldobj) &&
				empty($fieldobj->primary_key) && (!$this->connection->uniqueIisR || empty($fieldobj->unique))) return 'I';

				case 'OID':
				case 'SERIAL':
					return 'R';

				case 'NUMERIC':
				case 'DECIMAL':
				case 'FLOAT4':
				case 'FLOAT8':
					return 'N';

				default:
					return ADODB_DEFAULT_METATYPE;
			}
	}

}